{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T14:04:31Z","timestamp":1779199471390,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82204726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204726"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024M762961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024M762961"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","award":["2023RCZXZK40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023RCZXZK40"]}]},{"name":"2024 Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University Cultivation Plan for Top Innovative Talents of Postgraduates","award":["2024YJSBJ010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YJSBJ010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Polygonatum sibiricum (PS), a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Liliaceae family, is widely distributed in China and other East Asian countries. PS has been used as food and medicine for thousands of years, and its rhizomes are rich in Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP), which exhibit various bioactivities, yet their structural features and therapeutic mechanisms against ulcerative colitis (UC) remain unclear. Methods: A homogeneous polysaccharide, PSP-1b (57.45 kDa), was isolated from the rhizomes of PS via ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography and structurally characterized using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. In vivo, its effects were evaluated in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of UC, while in vitro mechanisms were explored using macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Results: PSP-1b was identified as a neutral polysaccharide with minimal branching. Its primary structural backbone was largely composed of \u21924)-\u03b2-D-Galp-(1\u2192 residues. A portion of these backbone residues was substituted at the O-6 position by side chains primarily composed of \u03b2-D-Galp-(1\u2192 units. In vivo, PSP-1b significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis by reducing inflammatory cytokine secretion, suppressing colonic macrophage infiltration, and reversing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) deposition. In vitro, PSP-1b directly interacted with TLR4, inhibited the MAPK\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway, and attenuated LPS- and NET-induced macrophage polarization and inflammation. Conclusions: PSP-1b as a promising candidate for functional foods or therapeutic agents targeting inflammatory bowel disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18071046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T15:05:33Z","timestamp":1774451133000},"page":"1046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Structural Characterization and Anti-Colitis Mechanisms of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharides via Modulation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)\u2014Macrophage Crosstalk"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jiaman","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8637-0509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junna","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wukang","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"},{"name":"School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"},{"name":"Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7902-5002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daozong","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fenfen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.15389","article-title":"Ulcerative Colitis in Adults: A Review","volume":"330","author":"Gros","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2024.08.003","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis: Clinical biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and emerging treatments","volume":"45","author":"Wangchuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. 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