{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T06:35:26Z","timestamp":1775198126850,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020578","name":"Department of Jobs, Tourism, Science and Innovation, Government of Western Australia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020578","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is characterized by significant reductions in glucose metabolism, reflecting underlying synaptic dysfunction, correlating with cognitive decline. We aimed to explore the impact of dietary patterns on the change in glucose metabolism. Methods: This longitudinal, prospective study included 132 community-dwelling older adults without a diagnosed dementia history enrolled in the Western Australian Memory Study (WAMS). Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and underwent [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging at baseline and at up to two follow-up assessments scheduled approximately 18 months apart, over a maximum follow-up period of 43 months. Principal component analysis yielded two dietary patterns\u2014named Western Diet and Prudent Diet. Linear mixed-effect models evaluated the association between dietary adherence and glucose metabolism, including potential confounders. Analysis was repeated stratified by sex. Results: Adherence to a Western Diet, characterized by high sugars and saturated fats, was associated with faster decline in glucose metabolism in the left fusiform gyrus (\u03b2 = \u22120.00062; SE = 0.00025; FDR-adjusted p = 0.043), neocortex (\u03b2 = \u22120.00063; SE = 0.00026; FDR-adjusted p = 0.047), left ventrolateral prefrontal (\u03b2 = \u22120.00083; SE = 0.00032; FDR-adjusted p = 0.045 and inferior parietal region (\u03b2 = \u22120.00344; SE = 0.00129; FDR-adjusted p = 0.033) in females. A Prudent Diet, characterized by a high intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, showed no significant effects. Conclusions: Our study highlights the following: (a) The potential detrimental impact of a Western Diet on brain glucose metabolism, particularly for females, who are at higher risk for AD. The decline was observed in regions essential for cognitive functions, including visual processing and facial recognition, emphasizing the role of diet in brain health. (b) No significant associations were observed between adherence to a Prudent dietary pattern and changes in glucose metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18071136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T10:09:21Z","timestamp":1775038161000},"page":"1136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary Patterns and Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Older Adults: Findings from the Western Australian Memory Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7176-4823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina B.","family":"Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"},{"name":"Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1933-5260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha L.","family":"Gardener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"The UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0300-6315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzana","family":"Jahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"},{"name":"School of Mathematics, Statistics, Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2844-6947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belinda M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"},{"name":"Lifestyle Approaches Towards Cognitive Health Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5307-5709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruey L.","family":"Loo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian National Phenome Centre and Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8106-7957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Taddei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"The UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie R.","family":"Rainey-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Weinborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Caroline R.","family":"dos Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Bahia (UNEB), Department of Life Sciences, Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shipra","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET CT and Radionuclide Therapy, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Carrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Inderjeeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Gerontorheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Osborne Park Health Care Group, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Dor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Australian eHealth Research Centre, CSIRO, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Imaging, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0514-0865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manohar L.","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4828-9363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph N.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"},{"name":"The UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8017-8682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid R.","family":"Sohrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"},{"name":"Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"},{"name":"The UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"7","author":"Nichols","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2026, March 02). 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