{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:06:01Z","timestamp":1785434761384,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61.610.006-110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61.610.006-110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["61.610.006-110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61.610.006-110"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dwvd537","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Warmia and Mazury"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05s4feg49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Previous studies have compared nutritional deficiency parameters in patients with venous leg ulcers (VLUs) to healthy individuals or those with unrelated conditions. This single-center study assessed blood levels of factors involved in ulcer healing and compared patients with VLUs to those with chronic venous insufficiency without ulcers. Methods: A total of 24 patients were included: 17 with VLUs formed the study group, and 7 with lower-limb venous insufficiency without ulcers served as controls. Disease severity was assessed using the CEAP classification, and all participants underwent ankle\u2013brachial index (ABI) measurement. Venous blood samples were analyzed for selected vitamins, proteins, ions, protein electrophoresis, and amino acid profiles. Results: Strong correlations were identified (r &gt; 0.5 or r &lt; \u22120.5), some of which were statistically significant. Positive associations in the study group included BMI with waist circumference (r = 0.85, p &lt; 0.05), tyrosine with proline (r = 0.84, p &lt; 0.05), and valine with leucine (r = 0.82, p &lt; 0.05). Negative correlations included albumin with folic acid (r = \u22120.73, p &lt; 0.05), albumin with vitamin B6 (r = \u22120.71, p &lt; 0.05), and folic acid with waist circumference (r = \u22120.65, p &lt; 0.05). No significant differences in blood concentrations were observed between groups. Conclusions: Statistically significant correlations were observed between selected biochemical parameters, including albumin and alpha-1 globulins, as well as amino acid and vitamin concentrations, in both patients with VLUs and controls with chronic venous insufficiency without ulcers. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and clarify their relevance to venous leg ulcers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18071148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:19:32Z","timestamp":1775434772000},"page":"1148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors Affecting Wound Healing in Patients with Venous Leg Ulcers: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8807-2567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hubert","family":"Aleksandrowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermedica, Aleja Zwyci\u0119stwa 34, 80-219 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"},{"name":"Department and Clinic of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Al. Wojska Polskiego 30, 10-959 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6371-8130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Czerwi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Al. Wojska Polskiego 30, 10-959 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waldemar","family":"Placek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Al. Wojska Polskiego 30, 10-959 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8372-0438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Owczarczyk-Saczonek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Al. Wojska Polskiego 30, 10-959 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvn.2007.12.002","article-title":"Nutritional status and wound severity of overweight and obese patients with venous leg ulcers: A pilot study","volume":"26","author":"Whitney","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Vasc. 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