{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T04:57:55Z","timestamp":1777006675053,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Inflammatory mediators within the tumor microenvironment contribute to lung cancer progression by enhancing cellular motility and invasive capacity through cytokine-dependent signaling networks. Modulation of these inflammation-associated pathways by dietary bioactive compounds may provide complementary strategies for limiting cancer aggressiveness. Our objective was to examine the inhibitory effects of a cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G)-rich fraction from Kum Akha pigmented black rice (CKAB-P1) on inflammation-stimulated A549 cancer cell progression. Methods: CKAB-P1 was obtained through solvent-partition extraction and chemically characterized using the pH differential method and high-performance liquid chromatography. A549 cells were pretreated with CKAB-P1 or C3G, followed by stimulation with conditioned medium predominantly containing IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2 derived from LPS-exposed THP-1 macrophages (THP-1-CS). Effects on cancer cell migration and invasion were evaluated using wound-healing, Transwell invasion, gelatin zymography, and Western blot analyses. Results: CKAB-P1 contained 106.62 \u00b1 3.54 mg\/g extract of total anthocyanins, with C3G representing the major constituent (59.42 \u00b1 2.54 mg\/g extract). Exposure of THP-1-CS stimulated migration and invasion of A549 lung cancer, and neutralization of IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2 reduced these pro-migratory effects, confirming cytokine involvement. Treatment with CKAB-P1 (10\u201340 \u03bcg\/mL) or C3G (2.5\u201320 \u03bcg\/mL) markedly attenuated inflammation-enhanced migration and invasion (p &lt; 0.05). A reduction in MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, along with decreased expression of invasion-associated protein expressions (uPA, uPAR, and MT1-MMP), was observed. Furthermore, both CKAB-P1 and C3G attenuated phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT3. Conclusions: These findings suggest that anthocyanin-enriched black rice fraction may limit inflammation-driven A549 lung cancer cell aggressiveness through modulation of the cytokine-driven JAK1\/STAT3 signaling cascade, indicating its potential relevance as a bioactive dietary component targeting tumor-associated inflammatory signaling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18081198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T12:01:52Z","timestamp":1775822512000},"page":"1198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside-Rich Black Rice Fraction Attenuates IL-1\u03b2\/IL-6-Driven A549 Lung Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion and Modulates JAK1\/STAT3 Signaling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6340-9653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warathit","family":"Semmarath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand"},{"name":"Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6249-4497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Punnida","family":"Arjsri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0260-7215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamonwan","family":"Srisawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Intranee","family":"Intanil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sansanee","family":"Jamjod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7167-5150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chanakan","family":"Prom-u-thai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8732-8911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pornngarm","family":"Dejkriengkraikul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.7.651","article-title":"Dual roles of immune cells and their factors in cancer development and progression","volume":"7","author":"Zamarron","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. 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