{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:15:47Z","timestamp":1788308147194,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":246,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer\u2019s and mental disorders like depression or anxiety appears higher in patients with gastrointestinal tract diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Conversely, depressed patients have higher rates of gastrointestinal disorders. These observations suggest bidirectional communication between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract, the so-called \u201cgut\u2013brain axis\u201d. Moreover, an altered microbiota, called \u201cdysbiosis\u201d, has been reported in these diseases, highlighting the network between gut microbes and their host. The emergence of the microbiota as a key regulator of the gut\u2013brain dialog has led to the establishment of the concept of the \u201cmicrobiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis\u201d. Objectives: In this narrative review, we outline the main interaction channels between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. Then, we summarize current knowledge of two major diets (i.e., Western and Mediterranean diets) and the principal dietary components that modulate the microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis to discuss the mechanisms putatively involved in intestinal, psychiatric, and neurological disorders. Conclusions: Diet is a major factor influencing the gut microbiota, and consequently, also putatively systemic mechanisms through the microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis. Indeed, the composition of the diet is crucial for health and disease. Despite the main role of diet, the physiological, cellular, or molecular mechanisms involved in the complex communication between the microbiome, gut, and brain are still poorly understood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18081258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T11:35:42Z","timestamp":1776339342000},"page":"1258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Consequences of Western and Mediterranean Diets\u2019 Nutrients on the Microbiota\u2013Gut\u2013Brain Axis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3533-9721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Michel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition-Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks (NGERE), Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM UMRS1256, F-54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0452-5026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gr\u00e9gory","family":"Pouri\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition-Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks (NGERE), Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM UMRS1256, F-54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3294-7833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tunay","family":"K\u00f6kten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition-Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks (NGERE), Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INSERM UMRS1256, F-54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042320-014032","article-title":"The Gut\u2013Brain Axis","volume":"73","author":"Mayer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. 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