{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T11:39:31Z","timestamp":1776857971549,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The pre-diagnosis dietary intake in newly diagnosed multi-ethnic paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) is not well understood. This study aimed to describe the pre-diagnosis diet and environmental factors in children with newly diagnosed PIBD attending a single Australian tertiary children\u2019s hospital. Methods: A pilot cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2022 to February 2023 involving children with newly diagnosed PIBD. Results: Of 56 children confirmed with PIBD, 54% had Crohn\u2019s disease (CD)\u2014mean \u00b1 SD age, 11.55 years \u00b1 2.84\u2014and 46% had Ulcerative Colitis (UC)\u201411.50 years \u00b1 2.94 (45%, non-Caucasian). More Caucasians had an IBD family history (48.3% vs. 20%; p = 0.02 *). Non-Caucasian children demonstrated significantly lower mean serum vitamin D levels than Caucasian children (42.5 vs. 69 nmol\/L; p \u2264 0.001 ***). Most children across ethnicities for both IBD subtypes had \u2018regular\u2019 intakes of red meat, whereas more Caucasian children had \u2018regular\u2019 intakes of processed\/deli meat (72% vs. 39%; p = 0.02 *). A total of 64% of non-Caucasian children with CD reported a usual pre-diagnosis diet that differed from the traditional diet, compared to 42% with UC (p = 0.29). When eating out, fast foods were chosen regularly by most children with PIBD. Pre-diagnosis dietary intake data indicated that most with PIBD \u2018rarely\/never\u2019 had whole-food sources of plant protein and had \u2018infrequent\u2019 intake of rice. Plant food diversity was low (mean 11 types\/week). Conclusions: The significantly lower likelihood of IBD family history, along with relatively lower vitamin D levels, and the predominance of a Western-style dietary pattern among non-Caucasian children are compatible with the hypothesis that non-genetic factors may be important in PIBD, warranting further investigation into diet and environmental factors in this group. Further investigation of the pre-disease modifiable non-genetic factors contributing to the development of PIBD in the migrant population group is recommended. The finding across ethnicities of low pre-diagnosis plant food diversity was novel; however, due to the lack of healthy controls and the use of a novel but non-validated exposome tool, causality associations should be interpreted cautiously.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18091313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T10:38:14Z","timestamp":1776854294000},"page":"1313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pre-Diagnosis Dietary Pattern Differences in Australian Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Exposure Across Ethnicities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7426-4293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nisha","family":"Thacker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children\u2019s Hospital Network, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7913-5482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoma","family":"Dutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children\u2019s Hospital Network, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Sydney Medical Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2715-7588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily C.","family":"Hoedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Transforming Gut Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward V.","family":"O\u2019Loughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children\u2019s Hospital Network, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3298-756X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare E.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5525-6589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerith","family":"Duncanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia"},{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Transforming Gut Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2023.05.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of pediatric inflammatory Bowel disease","volume":"52","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. 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