{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:32:56Z","timestamp":1789684376563,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32172749"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172749"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["32172749"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172749"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2022YFF1100102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF1100102"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2022YFC2105005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2105005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Shigellosis is an illness that affects young children all over the world and Shigella flexneri is one of the most common pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate a potential beneficial effect of Weizmannia coagulans Long45 supplementation on feline-derived Shigella flexneri-induced colitis in mice, as well as potential mechanisms. Results: The results revealed that mice receiving fecal microbiota from diarrheic cats experienced significant weight loss, decreased survival rate, increased mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-4, IFN-\u03b3, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and IL-18), and increased cell apoptosis compared to the single DSS treatment. In contrast, mice that received fecal microbiota from healthy cats exhibited an increased body weight, increased mRNA level of ZO-1, claudin-3, and Muc2 and decreased apoptosis, indicating a protective effect. The 16S rDNA analysis revealed that the abundance of Shigella in the feces of diarrheic cats was significantly higher than that in healthy cats, while the abundance of Bacillus was lower. Using bacteria culture technology, 19 strains of Shigella flexneri were isolated from 27 fecal samples of diarrheic cats and a strain of Weizmannia coagulans Long45 was isolated from the feces of healthy cats. Further study showed that Weizmannia coagulans Long45 significantly alleviated pathological alterations and colonic barrier dysfunction by modulating the NF-\u03baB and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Conclusions: Our data indicate that feline-derived Shigella flexneri may be a potential pathogen associated with diarrhea and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Weizmannia coagulans Long45, as a potential probiotic, can effectively alleviate Shigella-induced colitis by interfering with the Nrf2 and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18101486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T20:14:16Z","timestamp":1778530456000},"page":"1486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Weizmannia coagulans Long45 Supplementation Prevents Feline-Derived Shigella flexneri 13-Induced Colitis in Mice by Regulation the Nrf2 and NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathways"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhe","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haozhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0225-6643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Food and Agriculture Technology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Hangzhou 314006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenlong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30489-9","article-title":"The light of hope: Focusing on shigella and ETEC infections","volume":"8","author":"Keddy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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