{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T21:08:24Z","timestamp":1778533704920,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Province Key Research and Development Projects","award":["2024TZXD049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024TZXD049"]}]},{"name":"Hainan province key R & D projects","award":["ZDYF2024XDNY190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2024XDNY190"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Province Key Research and Development Projects","award":["GuikeAB25069114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GuikeAB25069114"]}]},{"name":"Qingdao Key Technology Research Project","award":["26-1-1-gjgg-68-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26-1-1-gjgg-68-nsh"]}]},{"name":"Zhoushan Science and Technology Project","award":["2025C13002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025C13002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Given that the structure-activity relationship between sturgeon chondroitin sulfate (S-CS) and the alleviation of osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear, we characterized the structure of S-CS and explored the relationship between its structure and its effect in alleviating OA. Methods: Chondroitin sulfate was extracted from sturgeon cartilage by alcohol precipitation. Its structure was thoroughly characterized using infrared spectroscopy, pre-column derivatization, high-performance liquid chromatography with PMP (PMP-HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and other techniques. A rat OA model was established to explore the mechanism underlying its alleviation of OA. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to investigate the role of gut microbiota. Results: S-CS was identified as a sulfated polysaccharide with an average molecular weight of 68.81 kDa and a GlcUA-to-GalN molar ratio of approximately 1:1. NMR analysis confirmed its characteristic 6-\/4-sulfation patterns. Oral administration of S-CS at 100 mg\/kg\/d significantly alleviated joint damage by inhibiting the NF-\u03baB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Specifically, S-CS decreased the levels of p65 and p38 by 18.94% and 52.40% (p &lt; 0.05), respectively, and decreased TNF-\u03b1 concentration. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that S-CS enhanced the diversity and richness of gut microbiota and reconstructed the microbial community structure. Conclusions: S-CS may be an effective supplement for OA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18101494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T20:14:16Z","timestamp":1778530456000},"page":"1494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural Characterization of Chondroitin Sulfate from Hybrid Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii \u00d7 Huso dauricus) Cartilage and Its Alleviating Effect on Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingxiao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266701, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.120361","article-title":"Degradation of chondroitin sulfate: Mechanism of degradation, influence factors, structure-bioactivity relationship and application","volume":"301","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr. 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