{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:02:58Z","timestamp":1791896578515,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003009","name":"Science and Technology Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0076\/2024\/AGJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0076\/2024\/AGJ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003009","name":"Science and Technology Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0002\/2025\/NRP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0002\/2025\/NRP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["0076\/2024\/AGJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0076\/2024\/AGJ"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05vna4324","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["0002\/2025\/NRP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0002\/2025\/NRP"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05vna4324","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["2024A0505090019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A0505090019"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004733","name":"University of Macau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MYRG-GRG2024-00258-ICMS-UMDF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MYRG-GRG2024-00258-ICMS-UMDF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004733","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004733","name":"University of Macau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MYRG-GRG2025-00116-ICMS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MYRG-GRG2025-00116-ICMS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004733","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["MYRG-GRG2024-00258-ICMS-UMDF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MYRG-GRG2024-00258-ICMS-UMDF"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r4q9n85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["MYRG-GRG2025-00116-ICMS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MYRG-GRG2025-00116-ICMS"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r4q9n85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Nobiletin, one of the main components of citrus peel, exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory properties. However, its effect on obesity-associated vasculopathay remains unknown. We aim to investigate the effect of nobiletin in ameliorating oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: Male C57BL\/6J mice were fed a HFD (60 kcal% fat) or normal chow for four months and orally administered with vehicle or nobiletin (50 mg\/kg\/day) for 8 weeks. Vasoreactivity in aortas was measured on a wire myograph. Primary rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats for in vitro study. Protein expressions were detected by Western blot. Superoxide production was determined by fluorescence imaging. Results: Exposure to high glucose increased the phosphorylation of JNK (Tyr185) and decreased the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1, as well as downregulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and eNOS (Ser1177) in RAECs. This led to reduced nitric oxide (NO) generation and elevation of oxidative stress. High glucose induction also impaired the endothelium-dependent relaxations (EDRs) in murine aortas. These high glucose-induced impairments were restored by co-treatment of nobiletin (1 \u03bcM or 10 \u03bcM) whereas effects of nobiletin were abolished by AMPK inhibitor Compound C. The DIO-induced diabetic animal model showed increased body weight and blood pressure, imbalance of glucolipid metabolism, impaired EDRs, and elevated oxidative stress in aortas. AMPK\/eNOS and Nrf2\/HO-1 pathways were downregulated in aortas from DIO mice. Oral administration of nobiletin could at least partially reverse the above damage. Conclusions: Nobiletin ameliorates endothelial dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing NO bioavailability upon activation of AMPK\/eNOS and Nrf2\/HO-1 pathways in obese diabetic mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18101564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T13:04:09Z","timestamp":1778763849000},"page":"1564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nobiletin Protects Endothelial Function in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice Through Activation of 5\u2032 Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3685-6634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiaowen","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China"},{"name":"Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuehan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China"},{"name":"Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China"},{"name":"Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingchao","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China"},{"name":"Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chumin","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangmen Palace Qiaobao Chenpi Health Industry Development, Inc., Jiangmen 529000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manqin","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs\/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1152-7997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wai San","family":"Cheang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China"},{"name":"Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.2217\/fca-2018-0045","article-title":"Type-2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease","volume":"14","author":"Henning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Safiri, S., Karamzad, N., Kaufman, J.S., Bell, A.W., Nejadghaderi, S.A., Sullman, M.J.M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Collins, G., and Kolahi, A.-A. 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