{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:53:42Z","timestamp":1785430422629,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006378","name":"Directorate of Research and Development, Universitas Indonesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NKB-601\/UN2.RST\/HKP.05.00\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKB-601\/UN2.RST\/HKP.05.00\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006378","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["NKB-601\/UN2.RST\/HKP.05.00\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKB-601\/UN2.RST\/HKP.05.00\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0116zj450","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by excessive adipose accumulation and dysregulated lipid and glucose homeostasis. Marine brown algae contain diverse bioactive compounds with potential metabolic benefits; however, the in vivo anti-obesity effects of Padina minor remain insufficiently characterized. Methods: This study evaluated the effects of P. minor ethanolic extract on adipose metabolism and metabolic parameters in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Wistar rats (n = 36) were rendered obese via HFD and treated with P. minor extract (25, 50, or 100 mg\/kg BW) for 4 weeks, with orlistat (30 mg\/kg BW) serving as a reference control. Body weight, food intake, Lee index, visceral fat mass, serum lipid profile, and glucose levels were assessed, alongside protein expression of PPAR\u03b3, CNR1, and ESR1 (ELISA) and gene expression of Ppar\u03b3 and Adipor1 (qPCR). Phytochemical constituents were analyzed using GC\u2013MS and LC\u2013MS\/MS. Results: P. minor extract significantly attenuated body weight gain, adiposity indices, and visceral fat accumulation compared with HFD controls (p &lt; 0.05), and improved metabolic profiles by reducing total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels while increasing HDL-cholesterol. At the molecular level, treatment was associated with decreased PPAR\u03b3 and CNR1 expression and increased Adipor1 and ESR1 expression. The highest dose (100 mg\/kg BW) produced effects comparable to orlistat. Phytochemical analysis identified flavonoids and phenolic acids, including quercetin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid. Conclusions: Padina minor ethanolic extract improves metabolic parameters and adipose tissue characteristics in HFD-induced obese rats, potentially through modulation of pathways related to adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, supporting its potential as a marine-derived nutraceutical candidate for obesity management; however, further studies are required to confirm its mechanisms and clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18101572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T10:33:21Z","timestamp":1778841201000},"page":"1572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Marine-Derived Padina Minor Extract Improves Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Obese Rats: Evidence for PPAR\u03b3 and ADIPOR1 Modulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2924-3677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Bahtiar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Gedung Fakultas Farmasi, UI Kampus, Depok 16424, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinda Puspita Dewi","family":"Wahyudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Gedung Fakultas Farmasi, UI Kampus, Depok 16424, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riani","family":"Widiarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Gedung Department of Biology Building, UI Campus, Depok 16424, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5447-096X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirithon","family":"Siriamornpun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Thai Food Innovation, Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.01.012","article-title":"Pathophysiology of obesity and its associated diseases","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. 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