{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T14:12:04Z","timestamp":1779804724977,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Human Reproduction","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Maternal intake of methyl-group donors (MGD) during pregnancy may influence fetal development, yet its role in in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate maternal intake of MGDs during late pregnancy and its association with neonatal outcomes in IVF versus spontaneously (S) conceived pregnancies. Methods: We assessed third-trimester, daily maternal intake of MGD (folate, betaine, choline, methionine, and folic acid) using a validated food-frequency questionnaire, and maternal supplement intake using a structured questionnaire. Methyl-donor nutrient score (MDNS) was calculated based on deciles of MGD intake. Serum folic acid and vitamin B12 concentrations were measured using standardized immunochemical assay. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Anthropometric data were measured from singleton newborns (weight, length, head- and waist circumference, body composition) and mothers (height, weight, body composition) after delivery. Statistical analysis was conducted using R (4.1.2v). Results: 265 mother\u2013child pairs were included in the study (IVF n = 83). Daily dietary intake of MGDs was similar between groups, but IVF mothers reported significantly higher daily folic acid (668.7 \u00b1 1050.9 vs. 418.8 \u00b1 419.2 \u00b5g, p = 0.0034) and vitamin B12 (11.07 \u00b1 31.58 vs. 7.95 \u00b1 29.00 \u00b5g, p = 0.0078) supplementation. Serum analyses were available in a subgroup (n = 131, IVF n = 61) of mothers, showing higher postpartum folate (IVF: 10.96 \u00b1 5.54 vs. S: 8.29 \u00b1 4.72 \u00b5g\/L, p = 0.0064) and vitamin B12 (IVF: 288.22 \u00b1 113.82 vs. S: 233.70 \u00b1 78.23 ng\/L, p = 0.0053). Maternal daily dietary choline intakes were significantly below recommendations (IVF: 251.9 \u00b1 98.5 mg, S: 243.8 \u00b1 106.8 mg). Among 151 singleton neonates (IVF n = 57), anthropometric parameters did not differ between IVF and spontaneously conceived groups and were not associated with MDNS tertiles. Conclusions: Maternal MGD intake during third trimester of pregnancy was not associated with neonatal anthropometric outcomes in singleton pregnancies. Consistently low dietary choline intake highlights a potential nutritional gap warranting improved dietary guidance and supplementation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18111693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T13:28:21Z","timestamp":1779802101000},"page":"1693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal Methyl-Group Donor Intake and Neonatal Birth Size in Singleton IVF Pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Szilvia","family":"Bokor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Molecular Medicine Research Group, Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5646-2093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Fels\u0151","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Hungarian Centre of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3582-2541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ildik\u00f3","family":"Cs\u00f6lle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Cochrane Hungary, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00edcia","family":"Ol\u00e1h","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"No\u00e9mi","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00f3bert","family":"Herczeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hungarian Centre of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Gyenesei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hungarian Centre of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reka Anna","family":"Vass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Funke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3650-7084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tibor","family":"Ertl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3675-7019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9nes","family":"Moln\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Molecular Medicine Research Group, Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, University of P\u00e9cs, 7623 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.06.006","article-title":"One carbon metabolism in pregnancy: Impact on maternal, fetal and neonatal health","volume":"435","author":"Kalhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. 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