{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:13:16Z","timestamp":1785413596001,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001130","name":"Gerber Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10843"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["10843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10843"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ggcx620","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD099393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD099393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12 HD001399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12 HD001399"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R01 HD099393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD099393"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04byxyr05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["K12 HD001399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12 HD001399"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04byxyr05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Adequate choline intake is critical across the peripartum period for optimal maternal-offspring health. Maternal depressive symptoms are associated with poor dietary quality, but the relationship between postpartum depression and choline intake in lactating mothers of preterm infants, a period of heightened intake requirements, has not been previously explored. Methods: Lactating mothers of hospitalized preterm infants (born \u226436 weeks gestational age) completed depression screening with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and a dietary choline intake survey. Mann\u2013Whitney U tests compared maternal choline intake based on EPDS screen status (low-risk or at-risk for depression). Multivariable linear regression assessed the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and choline intake. Results: EPDS screens were at-risk in 18 (42%) of the 43 participants. Median choline intake across the cohort was &lt;50% of recommended dietary intake (median [IQR] 221 [147, 308] mg), with lower intake in mothers with at-risk EPDS screens compared to low-risk screens (median [IQR] score: 156 [105, 218] mg vs. 298 [196, 357] mg, p &lt; 0.01). In multivariable linear regression, EPDS score was negatively associated with maternal choline intake (\u03b2 [95% CI] = \u22120.13 [\u22120.26, \u22120.01], p = 0.03). Conclusions: Dietary choline intake is low among lactating mothers of preterm infants, particularly those with postpartum depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18111728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T09:57:43Z","timestamp":1779962263000},"page":"1728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Depressive Symptoms Associated with Decreased Choline Intake in Lactating Mothers of Preterm Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2674-7888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine Marie","family":"Ottolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Developing Brain Institute, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gracie","family":"Spurney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developing Brain Institute, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine Leah","family":"Wisner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developing Brain Institute, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6935-9638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renee Geyao","family":"Pen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developing Brain Institute, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6208-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julius","family":"Ngwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developing Brain Institute, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1735-0069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Limperopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developing Brain Institute, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20037, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6812-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nickie","family":"Andescavage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developing Brain Institute, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2019.1639875","article-title":"Choline: The Neurocognitive Essential Nutrient of Interest to Obstetricians and Gynecologists","volume":"17","author":"Wallace","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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