{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:09:06Z","timestamp":1780319346839,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sanjiang Laboratory Innovation and Technology Development Project","award":["SJ2025012-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJ2025012-5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Osteoporosis (OP) is a frequent complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), driven by chronic inflammation and subsequent bone destruction. While deer bone is recognized for its potential bone-health benefits, the therapeutic efficacy of its fermented products on RA-induced OP remains unclear. Methods: This study investigated the protective effects of Lactobacillus reuteri-fermented deer bone water extract (LR-DBW) against OP in an adjuvant arthritis (AA) rat model. Firstly, LC-MS\/MS was employed to analyze the differential peptide profiles between LR-DBW and non-fermented deer bone water extract (DBW). Secondly, experiments such as Micro-CT, histological staining, and Western Blot were conducted to detect the improvement effect of LR-DBW on OP. Results:In vivo, LR-DBW administration significantly alleviated arthritis symptoms, increased bone mineral density (BMD), and improved bone microarchitecture in AA rats. In vitro, LR-DBW inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and actin ring formation in RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistically, LR-DBW inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38 proteins. Conclusions: These research results indicate that one of the mechanisms by which inhibiting osteoclast differentiation into LR-DBW can alleviate osteoporosis caused by rheumatoid arthritis is through down-regulating the phosphorylation expression of ERK, JNK and p38 proteins. This highlights its potential as a functional food component for treating inflammatory bone diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18111768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T12:19:42Z","timestamp":1780316382000},"page":"1768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study of the Mechanism of Action of Deer Bone Water Extract Fermented by Lactobacillus reuteri on Rheumatoid Arthritis-Induced Osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yingshan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjiang Laboratory, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjiang Laboratory, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingchen","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjiang Laboratory, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanchao","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjiang Laboratory, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanlu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjiang Laboratory, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoyun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjiang Laboratory, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjiang Laboratory, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjiang Laboratory, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8227-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weijia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjiang Laboratory, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjiang Laboratory, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0730-0519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjiang Laboratory, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjiang Laboratory, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03700-4","article-title":"A narrative review of the moderating effects and repercussion of exercise intervention on osteoporosis: Ingenious involvement of gut microbiota and its metabolites","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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