{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T10:02:14Z","timestamp":1780653734275,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: Murine studies show a promising effect of high-fiber \u03b2-glucan on glycemic control and serum lipids. In addition, \u03b2-glucan has recently been found to have strong antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. Oat flakes are a natural source of \u03b2-glucan. However, the effects of oat flakes on glycemic variability, dyslipidemia, and pancreatic duodenum homeobox-1 (PDX-1) levels in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remain unclear. Hence, this study assessed the effect of oat flakes on glycemic variability, dyslipidemia, and PDX-1 among adolescents with T1D. Materials and Methods: Sixty adolescents with T1D were divided into 2 equally matched groups. Group A received oat flakes \u03b2-glucan 6 g per day for 3 months in addition to an ordinary diet and insulin regimen. Group B received an ordinary diet and insulin regimen. This was followed by crossing over both arms for another 3 months after a two-week washout period. All participants underwent auxological assessment, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting lipids, and PDX-1 measurements at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Results: Oat flakes consumption resulted in a significant decrease in the coefficient of variation, HbA1c, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C levels (p &lt; 0.001), with a significant increase in TIR, HDL-C, and PDX-1 levels (p &lt; 0.001). However, all these effects waned after the stoppage of the oat flakes, except for HDL-C. Conclusions: Oat flakes have a favorable outcome on glycemic metrics, lipid profile, and PDX-1 in adolescents with T1D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18111802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:46:48Z","timestamp":1780494408000},"page":"1802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Oat Flakes on Glycemic Variability, Dyslipidemia, and Pancreatic Duodenum Homeobox-1 (PDX-1) Level Among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mohamed Abu El Asrar","family":"Afify","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Ibrahim","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman Mohamed","family":"El Kholy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo 11516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6507-8835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nouran Yousef","family":"Salah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11522, Egypt"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo 11694, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherubini, V., Marino, M., Marigliano, M., Maffeis, C., Zanfardino, A., Rabbone, I., Giorda, S., Schiaffini, R., Lorubbio, A., and Rollato, S. 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