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The importance of eating window timing for time-restricted eating (TRE) is increasingly recognized. This secondary analysis examined associations between meal to sleep timing intervals and glycemic parameters in individuals with obesity across three dietary interventions [TRE, CR: caloric restriction, and UE: unrestricted eating]. Methods: Participants aged 18\u201365 years with obesity were randomized to a 12-week intervention: TRE (8 h eating window), CR (15% reduction in daily caloric intake), or UE (usual eating habits). CGM and actigraphy were assessed over two weeks at baseline and end-intervention. Mixed effects models examined associations between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) outcomes and two intervals: last meal to sleep onset (PM meal-Sleep) and awakening to first meal (Awake-AM meal). Results: Each hour increase in the Awake-AM meal interval was associated with lower overnight (1 AM\u20135 AM) average glucose, lower glycemic variability, lower %time &gt; 180 mg\/dL, and greater %time &lt; 70 mg\/dL. Each hour increase in the PM meal-Sleep interval was associated with lower overnight (1 AM\u20135 AM) average glucose. Both associations persisted after adjustment for baseline sleep duration, HbA1c, and randomization assignment. Conclusions: In individuals with obesity, morning (Awake-AM meal interval) and evening (PM meal-Sleep interval) fasting relative to sleep were differentially associated with glycemic control. These findings highlight the relevance of eating and sleep timing to glycemic parameters and may inform eating window selection for individuals practicing TRE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18111824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T08:43:04Z","timestamp":1780648984000},"page":"1824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relationship Between Sleep and Meal Timing with Glycemia Parameters in Individuals with Obesity Participating in a Randomized Time-Restricted Eating Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0686-1069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirimon","family":"Reutrakul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4755-8151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stacey","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus & Children\u2019s Hospital, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6341-6087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9718-9310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Manoogian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satchidananda","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suryeon","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Children\u2019s Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6037-0439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caleb","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Helgeson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Mashek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Medical School, Masonic Institute on the Biology of Aging, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niki","family":"Oldenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6210-2307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI46043","article-title":"Circadian rhythms, sleep, and metabolism","volume":"121","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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