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However, evidence regarding their relationship with melanoma is limited. We aimed to assess whether body mass index (BMI), diet quality, food cooking methods, and PA influence the risk of developing melanoma. Methods: This case\u2013control study compared the demographic characteristics, dietary habits, and PA of 130 melanoma patients from the Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona with 166 control subjects of similar age and sex distribution. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire, administered between January 2016 and February 2020. The association between these factors and melanoma was assessed using odds ratios for binary variables with 95% confidence intervals. Results: BMI was not found to be associated with the diagnosis of melanoma. However, restricting foods and limiting sugary products did show a correlation with lower melanoma risk, while dairy product restriction was associated with an increased risk. Consumption of processed meats and unhealthy cooking methods were also associated with an increased risk of melanoma development. Lastly, an inverse association between PA practice and frequency and melanoma risk was observed in women, while vigorous-intensity PA showed an inverse association regardless of sex. Conclusions: This study identifies specific dietary patterns and PA behaviors that may play a role in melanoma risk, highlighting the potential for personalized lifestyle-based prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18121919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T03:01:27Z","timestamp":1781492487000},"page":"1919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Influence of Dietary and Physical Exercise Habits on Melanoma Risk: A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1754-8375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Cresp\u00ed-Payeras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Unit, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9916-072X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Moll-Amengual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Unit, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0443-3025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neus","family":"Calbet-Llopart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Unit, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0586-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judit","family":"Mateu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2766-0765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00edriam","family":"Potrony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Unit, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1608-8820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Carrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Unit, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Pharmacovigilance Executive Committee, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9161-4950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2728-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Tell-Mart\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Unit, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona-Institut 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