{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:13:46Z","timestamp":1785413626965,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["8\/FIRST\/1a\/HMU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8\/FIRST\/1a\/HMU"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015581","name":"Houston Methodist Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015581","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027zt9171","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: There has been a growing concern about excessive caffeine consumption among heavy green tea drinkers on health outcomes, such as cardiovascular diseases or cancer. We evaluated the association between green tea consumption and risk of all-cause mortality in Vietnam. Methods: We used data from the Hanoi Prospective Cohort Study, an ongoing study comprising 42,146 participants aged 10 or older in Northern Vietnam who have been followed up between 2007 and 2019. Green tea intake was derived from a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We performed a Cox proportional hazard regression model to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between green tea consumption and risk of all-cause mortality, adjusted for potential confounding factor. Results: After a median follow-up of 11 years (range: 0.13\u201311.64 years), we identified 2494 deaths. Overall, there was an inverse association between green tea intake and risk of all-cause mortality (HRperSDincrement = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89\u20130.97, Ptrend &lt; 0.001). This pattern was more pronounced in males (HRperSDincrement = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89\u20130.97, Ptrend &lt; 0.001) but not in females (HRperSDincrement = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.86\u20131.02, Ptrend = 0.12; Pheterogeneity = 0.81). In stratified analysis, the inverse association pattern was seen in both younger and old age groups, in individuals with BMI &lt; 23 kg\/m2, in both ever and never smokers, among ever alcohol drinkers and never coffee drinkers, and in individuals with and without history of type 2 diabetes (Pheterogeneity = 0.31). Conclusions: Findings from the current study, the first prospective cohort study in Vietnam, suggest a protective effect of green tea consumption on risk of all-cause mortality. Further studies are warranted to validate our findings in similar population and settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18121937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:49:01Z","timestamp":1781570941000},"page":"1937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Green Tea Consumption and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7862-492X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ngoan Tran","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen Thi-Hai","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA"},{"name":"Dr. Mary and Ron Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hieu Lan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linh Thuy","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR (National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Mixed Research Unit), 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6658-8675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ninh Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Health, Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0413-3707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thao Thu Thi","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Daycare Inpatient Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3676-8866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chihaya","family":"Koriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8001-9470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tin C.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"},{"name":"Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam S.","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VinUni Big Data Research Institute, VinUniversity, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LSU-LCMC Health Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Mary and Ron Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2172-1849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung N.","family":"Luu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA"},{"name":"Dr. Mary and Ron Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz178","article-title":"Dietary intakes of flavan-3-ols and cardiometabolic health: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials and prospective cohort studies","volume":"110","author":"Raman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. 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