{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T08:50:58Z","timestamp":1782291058942,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Linear growth in children reflects cumulative influences of nutrition, health, and skeletal development. Vitamin K2, particularly menaquinone-7 (MK-7), plays an important role in bone mineralization, yet evidence regarding its potential relationship with height growth in children remains limited. This study evaluated the association between continuous MK-7 supplementation and longitudinal height growth in children. Methods: A longitudinal observational study was conducted among 1150 apparently healthy children aged 6\u201314 years in Hanoi, Vietnam (2022\u20132025), including 613 controls and 537 children receiving MK-7 supplementation. MK-7 was administered orally at 360 \u00b5g\/day from baseline throughout follow-up. A total of 3491 repeated height measurements were collected. Analyses were stratified according to pubertal stage (no-puberty and pre-puberty). Height gain was summarized according to follow-up duration, and initial mixed-effects models were used to explore longitudinal growth trajectories. Because substantial follow-up imbalance was observed after the first follow-up assessment, the primary regression analyses were subsequently restricted to baseline and first follow-up observations. Multivariable linear regression models evaluated the interaction between MK-7 supplementation and follow-up duration after adjustment for age, sex, baseline body mass index-for-age Z-score, early sleep, and physical activity. Results: Height gain increased significantly with follow-up duration across all analyses (\u03b2 range: 0.49\u20130.58 cm\/month; all p &lt; 0.001). MK-7 supplementation alone was not independently associated with height gain; however, positive interactions between MK-7 supplementation and follow-up duration were observed in several subgroup analyses. In the overall cohort, the interaction estimate was \u03b2 = 0.05 cm\/month (95% CI: 0.02\u20130.09). Positive interactions were observed in no-puberty children (\u03b2 = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01\u20130.09) and pre-puberty children (\u03b2 = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.03\u20130.09). The largest interaction estimate was observed among pre-puberty boys (\u03b2 = 0.10; 95% CI: 0.07\u20130.13), whereas no statistically significant interaction was observed among girls in the pre-puberty subgroup. Conclusions: The findings suggest that continuous MK-7 supplementation may be associated with progressively greater height gain over time rather than an immediate increase in height. The observed associations appeared more evident with longer follow-up duration, particularly among pre-pubertal boys. However, given the observational design and substantial follow-up imbalance between groups, the findings should be interpreted cautiously. Further prospective studies with balanced longitudinal follow-up are needed to clarify the potential relationship between MK-7 supplementation and pediatric linear growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18121979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T09:18:43Z","timestamp":1781860723000},"page":"1979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal Height Growth Patterns Among Children Receiving Menaquinone-7 Supplementation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5273-8986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nghia Duc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hop Xuan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midu MenaQ7 Joint Stock Company, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Hong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Vietlife General Clinic, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anh Viet","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midu MenaQ7 Joint Stock Company, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duong Ngoc","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mirai General Clinic, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Son Ngo","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huong Thi Lan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9541-7564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Long Hoang","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study in Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31859-6","article-title":"Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: A pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants","volume":"396","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"100721","article-title":"Recent changes in growth trajectories: A population-based cohort study of over 5 million Brazilian children born between 2001 and 2014","volume":"32","author":"Barreto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. 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