{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T10:16:06Z","timestamp":1783419366797,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Mental well-being is an important yet often overlooked component of cardiometabolic health. Dietary habits may influence psychological outcomes, but evidence among high-risk populations in Central and Eastern Europe remains limited. This study investigated the association between dietary behaviors and mental well-being among adults with cardiometabolic risk in Hungary. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) 2019. The study included 2785 adults with cardiometabolic high risk (obesity, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia). Mental well-being was assessed using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index and categorized as poor (\u226450) or better (&gt;50). Dietary habits, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle factors were analyzed. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Overall, 25.9% of participants had poor mental health. In multivariable analyses, low intake of vegetables (OR = 1.15), fruits (OR = 1.55), fruit juice (OR = 1.26), and fish (OR = 1.17), as well as inadequate water intake (OR = 1.38), were each independently associated with higher odds of poor mental health after adjustment for sex, education, income levels, self-perceived health status, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Healthier dietary behaviors, particularly higher consumption of vegetables, fish, and adequate hydration, are associated with better mental well-being among individuals with cardiometabolic risk. These results underscore the need for comprehensive intervention strategies that simultaneously address physical health and psychological well-being among vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18132086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T09:19:13Z","timestamp":1783415953000},"page":"2086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary Determinants of Mental Well-Being Among Cardiometabolic High-Risk Adults in Hungary"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7022-5932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Battamir","family":"Ulambayar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8826-4918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bashar","family":"Shehab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Integrative Health Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4400 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5082-4441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attila","family":"S\u00e1rv\u00e1ry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Integrative Health Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4400 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0554-7350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attila Csaba","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000111245.75752.C6","article-title":"Definition of Metabolic Syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute\/American Heart Association Conference on Scientific Issues Related to Definition","volume":"109","author":"Grundy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","article-title":"Global Burden of 87 Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990\u20132019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Murray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01330-1","article-title":"Worldwide Trends in Hypertension Prevalence and Progress in Treatment and Control from 1990 to 2019: A Pooled Analysis of 1201 Population-Representative Studies with 104 Million Participants","volume":"398","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.2713","article-title":"Cardiovascular Diseases in Central and Eastern Europe: A Call for More Surveillance and Evidence-Based Health Promotion","volume":"86","author":"Movsisyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. 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