{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T09:16:16Z","timestamp":1783415776801,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DOCSMEDI Co., Ltd"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study investigated the effects of a probiotic combination of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DM083 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus DM163 on glycemic control, insulin resistance, gut microbiota composition, and metabolic parameters in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Methods: Male C57BL\/6 mice were fed a 60% HFD for 8 weeks and subsequently administered DM083\/163 (1 \u00d7 109, 5 \u00d7 109, or 1 \u00d7 1010 CFU\/day) or metformin (250 mg\/kg\/day) for 12 weeks. Glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, hepatic gene expression, gut microbiota composition, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were evaluated. Results: DM083\/163 supplementation at 1 \u00d7 1010 CFU\/day significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, oral glucose tolerance test area under the curve, and HOMA-IR compared with the HFD control group (p &lt; 0.05). Hepatic expression of the gluconeogenic genes Pck1 and G6pc was significantly downregulated, accompanied by reduced hepatic and serum TNF-\u03b1 levels. Gut microbiota analysis revealed significant overall differences in beta diversity across groups (PERMANOVA, R2 = 0.262, p = 0.001), driven primarily by diet, with a trend toward a reduced Bacillota\/Bacteroidota ratio in the high-dose group. Conclusions: DM083\/163 supplementation improved glycemic control and insulin resistance in HFD-induced obese mice. These effects were associated with suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis, attenuation of inflammation, and increased SCFA production, findings that are consistent with, but do not establish, modulation of the gut\u2013liver axis. These findings support the potential use of DM083\/163 as a probiotic intervention for obesity-associated T2DM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18132107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T02:16:44Z","timestamp":1782699404000},"page":"2107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Probiotic Combination of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DM083 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus DM163 Improves Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5507-9381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Hoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Center, DOCSMEDI Co., Ltd., Goyang 10387, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1110-0864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Je-Hyun","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apple Tree Institute of Biomedical Science, Apple Tree Medical Foundation, Goyang 10387, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7084-5816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Jo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Center, DOCSMEDI Co., Ltd., Goyang 10387, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyoung","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Center, DOCSMEDI Co., Ltd., Goyang 10387, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1133-2678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jam-Eon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4613-4680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Hwan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0299-8447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Youn","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apple Tree Dental Hospital, Apple Tree Medical Foundation, Goyang 10387, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye-Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apple Tree Dental Hospital, Apple Tree Medical Foundation, Goyang 10387, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"402","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"165","article-title":"Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance","volume":"8","author":"Khalilov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. 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