{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:56:30Z","timestamp":1791932190182,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005090","name":"Beijing Nova Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20240484678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240484678"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["20240484678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240484678"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/033pgsq69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32401988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32401988"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Emerging Interdisciplinary Construction Project of Beijing Technology and Business University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013e0zm98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are functional lipids with unique physicochemical properties and metabolic advantages. Recently, their regulatory roles in various chronic diseases have attracted considerable attention. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress and the proposed mechanisms of MCTs and their metabolites in metabolic diseases, neurological disorders, gut health, and muscle function. In the metabolic field, MCTs offer potential nutritional strategies for managing obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and various metabolic liver diseases. These effects are primarily mediated by improving insulin sensitivity, regulating lipid metabolism, and modulating energy expenditure. In neurological diseases, MCTs demonstrate potential for preventing and treating Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), and epilepsy through multiple pathways, including ketogenic energy supply, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and mitochondrial protection. Regarding gut health, MCTs and their derivatives may benefit digestive health by modulating gut microbiota and enhancing barrier function. For muscle health, MCTs help optimize energy metabolism and protein homeostasis, showing promise for countering sarcopenia and improving exercise performance. In conclusion, the prospects for MCTs are broad. Future research should focus on promoting their scientific application in precision nutrition and disease therapy, and more rigorous clinical trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18132133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T12:41:38Z","timestamp":1782909698000},"page":"2133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Recent Advances in Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Chronic Disease Prevention"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0067-9028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghui","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanxin","family":"Ya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3343-0571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4896-0142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoguo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5160","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.15173","article-title":"Chemical transesterification of flaxseed oil and medium-chain triacylglycerols: MLCT yield, DAG content, physicochemical properties, minor compounds and oxidation stability","volume":"56","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, T.-Y., Liu, H.-W., and Hung, T.-M. (2021). The Ketogenic Effect of Medium-Chain Triacylglycerides. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.747284"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.14757","article-title":"Structural and rheological properties of medium-chain triacylglyceride oleogels","volume":"56","author":"Fayaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2006.06.015","article-title":"Medium-chain triglycerides","volume":"16","author":"Marten","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Dairy J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.802805","article-title":"Applications of Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Foods","volume":"9","author":"Watanabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/36.5.950","article-title":"Medium-chain triglycerides: An update","volume":"36","author":"Bach","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(90)90295-N","article-title":"Effects of medium-chain triglyceride feeding on energy balance in adult humans","volume":"39","author":"Dias","year":"1990","journal-title":"Metab. Clin. Exp."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.16162","article-title":"Physicochemical properties and volatile formation mechanism of medium-chain triacylglycerols during heating","volume":"87","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.5650\/jos.ess23204","article-title":"Medium-Chain Triacylglycerols (MCTs) and Their Fractions in Drug Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review","volume":"73","author":"Zulfakar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Oleo Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1999.tb12259.x","article-title":"Dietary energy value of medium-chain triglycerides","volume":"64","author":"Ingle","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-024-09969-1","article-title":"Coconut-sourced MCT oil: Its potential health benefits beyond traditional coconut oil","volume":"24","author":"Duranova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.09.070","article-title":"Emissions of volatile aldehydes from heated cooking oils","volume":"120","author":"Katragadda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.111058","article-title":"Reviews of medium- and long-chain triglyceride with respect to nutritional benefits and digestion and absorption behavior","volume":"155","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4169","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1873729","article-title":"Medium chain triglyceride and medium-and long chain triglyceride: Metabolism, production, health impacts and its applications\u2014A review","volume":"62","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szczuko, M., Duliban, G., Drozd, A., Sochaczewska, D., Pokorska-Niewiada, K., and Zi\u0119tek, M. (2024). The Association of Short-Chain Fatty Acids with the Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Infants. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312487"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.09.009","article-title":"Stimulation of mild, sustained ketonemia by medium-chain triacylglycerols in healthy humans: Estimated potential contribution to brain energy metabolism","volume":"29","author":"Fortier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nosaka, N., Tsujino, S., and Kato, K. (2022). Short-Term Ingestion of Medium-Chain Triglycerides Could Enhance Postprandial Consumption of Ingested Fat in Individuals with a Body Mass Index from 25 to Less than 30: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Crossover Study. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14051119"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802467","article-title":"Greater rise in fat oxidation with medium-chain triglyceride consumption relative to long-chain triglyceride is associated with lower initial body weight and greater loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue","volume":"27","author":"Jones","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802169","article-title":"Medium- versus long-chain triglycerides for 27 days increases fat oxidation and energy expenditure without resulting in changes in body composition in overweight women","volume":"27","author":"Bourque","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1994.10718457","article-title":"Dietary substitution of medium chain triglycerides in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in an ambulatory setting: Impact on glycemic control and insulin-mediated glucose metabolism","volume":"13","author":"Yost","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2016.19.1.76","article-title":"Novel Mutations in the CPT1A Gene Identified in the Patient Presenting Jaundice as the First Manifestation of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A Deficiency","volume":"19","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1002\/jimd.12768","article-title":"The therapeutic landscape of citrin deficiency","volume":"47","author":"Kuek","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.11.028","article-title":"Medium-chain triglyceride supplementation and the association with growth, nutritional status and clinical outcomes in infants with biliary atresia","volume":"44","author":"Sara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choe, U. (2025). Nutritional Management for Pediatric Biliary Atresia Patients Preparing for Liver Transplantation. Children, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/children12030391"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2020.102236","article-title":"The effect of a 6-month ketogenic medium-chain triglyceride supplement on plasma cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"169","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fat. Acids"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12259","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12259","article-title":"Use of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil in subjects with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, with an open-label extension","volume":"8","author":"Juby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. Transl. Res. Clin. Interv."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12999","article-title":"Can ketones compensate for deteriorating brain glucose uptake during aging? Implications for the risk and treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1367","author":"Cunnane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.119567","article-title":"Impact of medium-chain saturated fatty acids on motor function in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"429","author":"Ponce","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"378","article-title":"Treatment-Refractory Epilepsy Alimentary Therapy (TREAT): A canine case study","volume":"66","author":"Frankel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2023.03.014","article-title":"Comprehensive study of metabolic changes induced by a ketogenic diet therapy using GC\/MS- and LC\/MS-based metabolomics","volume":"107","author":"Akiyama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Seizure Eur. J. Epilepsy"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073813488668","article-title":"Autism and Dietary Therapy","volume":"28","author":"Herbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1007\/s00104-025-02287-y","article-title":"Postoperative chyle leakage after abdominal surgery-Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies","volume":"96","author":"Ritter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chirurgie"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, K., Xiao, J., Li, L., Li, X., Yang, Y., Liu, Z., and Jiang, J. (2023). The application of a medium-chain fatty diet and enteral nutrition in post-operative chylous leakage: Analysis of 63 patients. Front. Nutr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1128864"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"e86138","article-title":"Chylothorax Accompanied by Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava in a Full-term Neonate Treated with Octreotide","volume":"17","author":"Basany","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neonatol."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"239","article-title":"Diagnosis and stabilisation of familial chylomicronemia syndrome in two infants presenting with hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis","volume":"65","author":"Heath","year":"2024","journal-title":"JIMD Rep."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2024.02.006","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcomes and management of hypertriglyceridemia in children with Apo-CII deficiency","volume":"34","author":"Celik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2015.08.002","article-title":"Revisiting the metabolism and physiological functions of caprylic acid (C8:0) with special focus on ghrelin octanoylation","volume":"120","author":"Beauchamp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ezaki, O., and Abe, S. (2023). Medium-chain triglycerides (8:0 and 10:0) increase muscle mass and function in frail older adults: A combined data analysis of clinical trials. Front. Nutr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1284497"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kojima, K., Ishikawa, H., Watanabe, S., Nosaka, N., and Mutoh, T. (2023). A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial Assessing If Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Combination with Moderate-Intensity Exercise Increase Muscle Strength in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143275"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoshimura, Y., Nagano, F., Matsumoto, A., Shimazu, S., Shiraishi, A., Kido, Y., Bise, T., Hamada, T., and Yoneda, K. (2025). Synergistic Effects of Medium-Chain Triglyceride Supplementation and Resistance Training on Physical Function and Muscle Health in Post-Stroke Patients. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17091599"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christina, H., Jorn, P.-K., Ulrike, K., Thorsten, M., and Monika, R.-B. (2023). MCT-Induced Ketosis and Fiber in Rheumatoid Arthritis (MIKARA)Study Protocol and Primary Endpoint Results of the Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Intervention Study Indicating Effects on Disease Activity in RA Patients. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15173719"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1002\/jimd.12640","article-title":"Triheptanoin for the treatment of long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders: Final results of an open-label, long-term extension study","volume":"46","author":"Vockley","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2022.04.001","article-title":"Response to triheptanoin therapy in critically ill patients with LC-FAOD: Report of patients treated through an expanded access program","volume":"136","author":"Vockley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951124026386","article-title":"Triheptanoin use for severe neonatal cardiomyopathy secondary to mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency: A first report","volume":"35","author":"Coppola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiol. Young"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"e70018","article-title":"Nutrition with Skimmed Breast Milk in an Infant with Long Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-coA Dehydrogenase Deficiency","volume":"66","year":"2025","journal-title":"JIMD Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.007","article-title":"Coconut oil has less satiating properties than medium chain triglyceride oil","volume":"179","author":"Kinsella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"158582","article-title":"A high-fat diet enriched in medium chain triglycerides triggers hepatic thermogenesis and improves metabolic health in lean and obese mice","volume":"1865","author":"Rial","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)\u2014Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2010.04.036","article-title":"Fatty acid chain length, postprandial satiety and food intake in lean men","volume":"101","author":"Poppitt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12926","article-title":"Medium chain triglycerides (MCT): State-of-the-art on chemistry, synthesis, health benefits and applications in food industry","volume":"21","author":"Nimbkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6195","article-title":"Remodeling of energy metabolism by a ketone body and medium-chain fatty acid suppressed the proliferation of CT26 mouse colon cancer cells","volume":"14","author":"Kadochi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frenser, M., Fischer, T., Albrecht, I., and Marquardt, T. (2024). Influence of Carbohydrate Intake on Caprylic Acid-Induced Ketogenesis-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16152456"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gough, S.M., Casella, A., Ortega, K.J., and Hackam, A.S. (2021). Neuroprotection by the Ketogenic Diet: Evidence and Controversies. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.782657"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607181005002115","article-title":"Medium Chain Triglycerides in Parenteral Nutrition","volume":"5","author":"Sailer","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/52.3.502","article-title":"Medium-chain-triglyceride lipid emulsion: Metabolism and tissue distribution","volume":"52","author":"Johnson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.1.7","article-title":"Dietary fats, teas, dairy, and nuts: Potential functional foods for weight control?","volume":"81","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8068","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO00239F","article-title":"Medium-chain triglycerides improve lipid metabolism in obese rats through increasing the browning of adipose tissue via sympathetic regulation","volume":"13","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1039\/C6FO01663D","article-title":"A rich medium-chain triacylglycerol diet benefits adiposity but has adverse effects on the markers of hepatic lipogenesis and beta-oxidation","volume":"8","author":"Chamma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-014-2562-7","article-title":"The Properties of Lauric Acid and Their Significance in Coconut Oil","volume":"92","author":"Dayrit","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00563-5","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Neeland","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.14.3.173","article-title":"Insulin Resistance: A Multifaceted Syndrome Responsible for NIDDM, Obesity, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"14","author":"DeFronzo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masenga, S.K., Kabwe, L.S., Chakulya, M., and Kirabo, A. (2023). Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097898"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"59","article-title":"The Metabolic Syndrome Puzzles; Possible Pathogenesis and Management","volume":"19","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rev."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"97","article-title":"Medium-chain triglyceride activated brown adipose tissue and induced reduction of fat mass in C57BL\/6J mice fed high-fat diet","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-017-4277-7","article-title":"Medium-chain enriched diacylglycerol (MCE-DAG) oil decreases body fat mass in mice by increasing lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissue","volume":"52","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.109914","article-title":"Medium-chain triglyceride attenuates obesity by activating brown adipose tissue via upregulating the AMPK signaling pathway","volume":"141","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02235-y","article-title":"A comparison of the satiating properties of medium-chain triglycerides and conjugated linoleic acid in participants with healthy weight and overweight or obesity","volume":"60","author":"Maher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abe, T. (2022). Timing of Medium-Chain Triglyceride Consumption Modulates Effects in Mice with Obesity Induced by a High-Fat High-Sucrose Diet. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235096"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rial, S.A., Ravaut, G., Malaret, T.B., Bergeron, K.-F., and Mounier, C. (2018). Hexanoic, Octanoic and Decanoic Acids Promote Basal and Insulin-Induced Phosphorylation of the Akt-mTOR Axis and a Balanced Lipid Metabolism in the HepG2 Hepatoma Cell Line. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23092315"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, J.H., Wang, Z.X., Yu, P., Yan, X.H., Zhao, J.X., Zhang, G.H., Gong, D.M., and Zeng, Z.L. (2024). Effect of Different Medium-Chain Triglycerides on Glucose Metabolism in High-Fat-Diet Induced Obese Rats. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13020241"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.62.32","article-title":"Capric Acid Up-Regulates UCP3 Expression without PDK4 Induction in Mouse C2C12 Myotubes","volume":"62","author":"Abe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10171","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.17565","article-title":"Medium chain triglycerides alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through bile acid-mediated FXR signaling pathway: A comparative study with common vegetable edible oils","volume":"89","author":"Yue","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1113\/EP091545","article-title":"A high-fat diet supplemented with medium-chain triglycerides ameliorates hepatic steatosis by reducing ceramide and diacylglycerol accumulation in mice","volume":"109","author":"Mourad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9672969","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9672969","article-title":"Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) for the Symptomatic Treatment of Dementia-Related Diseases: A Systematic Review","volume":"2024","author":"Meer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mett, J., Lauer, A.A., Janitschke, D., Griebsch, L.V., Theiss, E.L., Grimm, H.S., Koivisto, H., Tanila, H., Hartmann, T., and Grimm, M.O.W. (2021). Medium-Chain Length Fatty Acids Enhance A\u03b2 Degradation by Affecting Insulin-Degrading Enzyme. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112941"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2018.04.008","article-title":"Octanoic acid prevents reduction of striatal dopamine in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"70","author":"Wawer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Sanguanphun, T., Sornkaew, N., Malaiwong, N., Chalorak, P., Jattujan, P., Niamnont, N., Sobhon, P., and Meemon, K. (2022). Neuroprotective effects of a medium chain fatty acid, decanoic acid, isolated from H. leucospilota against Parkinsonism in C. elegans PD model. Front. Pharmacol., 13."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, W., Varghese, M., Vempati, P., Dzhun, A., Cheng, A., Wang, J., Lange, D., Bilski, A., Faravelli, I., and Pasinetti, G.M. (2012). Caprylic Triglyceride as a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Effectively Improve the Performance and Attenuate the Symptoms Due to the Motor Neuron Loss in ALS Disease. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049191"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manzo, E., O\u2019Conner, A.G., Barrows, J.M., Shreiner, D.D., Birchak, G.J., and Zarnescu, D.C. (2018). Medium-Chain Fatty Acids, Beta-Hydroxybutyric Acid and Genetic Modulation of the Carnitine Shuttle Are Protective in a Drosophila Model of ALS Based on TDP-43. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00182"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunn, E., Steinert, J.R., Stone, A., Sahota, V., Williams, R.S.B., Snowden, S., and Augustin, H. (2023). Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Rescue Motor Function and Neuromuscular Junction Degeneration in a Drosophila Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12172163"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12226","article-title":"Acute and chronic effects of oral administration of a medium-chain fatty acid, capric acid, on locomotor activity and anxiety-like and depression-related behaviors in adult male C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"42","author":"Shoji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70213","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70213","article-title":"Medium-Chain Triglycerides Supplementation Protects Epilepsy-Associated Behavioral Impairments in a Mouse Model","volume":"39","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"229","article-title":"Medium-chain triglycerides reduce diarrhea with improved immune status and gut microbiomics in tunnel workers in China","volume":"31","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109739","article-title":"Dietary lauric acid promoted antioxidant and immune capacity by improving intestinal structure and microbial population of swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus)","volume":"151","author":"Zhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phanu.2023.100361","article-title":"Dietary medium-chain triglycerides upregulate metabolic gene expression in the gastrocnemius and downregulate expression of muscle-degradation gene in the soleus in aged bromodomain-containing 4+\/\u2212 heterozygous mice","volume":"26","author":"Kimura","year":"2023","journal-title":"PharmaNutrition"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.09.006","article-title":"Dietary Supplementation with Lauric Acid Improves Aerobic Endurance in Sedentary Mice via Enhancing Fat Mobilization and Glyconeogenesis","volume":"153","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10937","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO01723G","article-title":"Medium-chain triglycerides and conjugated linolenic acids in functional yogurts: Impact of GIT and potential biological activities","volume":"13","author":"Machado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.3.329","article-title":"Physiological effects of medium-chain triglycerides: Potential agents in the prevention of obesity","volume":"132","author":"Jones","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1096\/fba.2024-00075","article-title":"Medium-chain fatty acid receptor GPR84 deficiency leads to metabolic homeostasis dysfunction in mice fed high-fat diet","volume":"6","author":"Nishida","year":"2024","journal-title":"FASEB BioAdvances"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E735","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00031.2024","article-title":"Medium-chain triglyceride-specific appetite is regulated by the \u03b2-oxidation of medium-chain fatty acids in the liver","volume":"326","author":"Maruyama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9157","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c07342","article-title":"Lauric Triglyceride Ameliorates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats by Reducing Lipogenesis and Increasing Lipolysis and \u03b2-Oxidation","volume":"69","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/lipd.12247","article-title":"Plasma Ceramides and Triglycerides Are Elevated during Pregnancy in Association with Markers of Insulin Resistance in Hutterite Women","volume":"55","author":"Rico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00063.2017","article-title":"Mechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance","volume":"98","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"101196","article-title":"Medium-chain fatty acids enhance expression and histone acetylation of genes related to lipid metabolism in insulin-resistant adipocytes","volume":"5","author":"Kawamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E556","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00163.2021","article-title":"Lauric acid impairs insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation by upregulatin SELENOP expression via HNF4\u03b1 induction","volume":"322","author":"Kamoshita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9595","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-06019-9","article-title":"Lauric acid alleviates insulin resistance by improving mitochondrial biogenesis in THP-1 macrophages","volume":"47","author":"Tham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.12.026","article-title":"Coconut oil consumption improves fat-free mass, plasma HDL-cholesterol and insulin sensitivity in healthy men with normal BMI compared to peanut oil","volume":"38","author":"Korrapati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2337\/db20-0582","article-title":"Small Amounts of Dietary Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Protect Against Insulin Resistance During Caloric Excess in Humans","volume":"70","author":"Lundsgaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/lipd.12436","article-title":"Cosupplementation with DHA and medium-chain triglycerides ameliorates NAFLD and reduces amyloid-\u03b2 accumulation by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2024.101991","article-title":"Dietary medium-chain fatty acids reduce hepatic fat accumulation via activation of a CREBH-FGF21 axis","volume":"87","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.04.033","article-title":"Down-regulation of SREBP-1c is associated with the development of burned-out NASH","volume":"53","author":"Nagaya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2021.104354","article-title":"Medium- and long-chain triglycerides attenuate lipid accumulation and regulate the expression of proteins related to lipid metabolism in oleic acid-induced lipid deposition in human hepatic LO2 cells","volume":"78","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Wang, X., Chen, S., Wang, S., Tu, Z., Zhang, G., Zhu, H., Li, X., Xiong, J., and Liu, Y. (2018). Medium-Chain Triglycerides Attenuate Liver Injury in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Pigs by Inhibiting Necroptotic and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113697"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e165469","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.165469","article-title":"Medium-chain fatty acids suppress lipotoxicity-induced hepatic fibrosis via the immunomodulating receptor GPR84","volume":"8","author":"Nonaka","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000467","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2016-000467","article-title":"Lauric acid-rich medium-chain triglycerides can substitute for other oils in cooking applications and may have limited pathogenicity","volume":"3","author":"McCarty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa180","article-title":"The Efficacy of Ketogenic Therapies in the Clinical Management of People with Neurodegenerative Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"12","author":"Dewsbury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2016.04.004","article-title":"Neuroinflammation Regulates Cognitive Impairment in Socially Defeated Mice","volume":"39","author":"Pfau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20899","article-title":"Mitochondrial biogenesis in the anticonvulsant mechanism of the ketogenic diet","volume":"60","author":"Bough","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-018-2588-6","article-title":"A Ketogenic Diet Improves Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Bioenergetics via the PGC1\u03b1-SIRT3-UCP2 Axis","volume":"44","author":"Lauritzen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.08.006","article-title":"Regulation of brain PPARgamma2 contributes to ketogenic diet anti-seizure efficacy","volume":"287","author":"Simeone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85523-9","article-title":"The medium-chain fatty acid decanoic acid reduces oxidative stress levels in neuroblastoma cells","volume":"11","author":"Mett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23617","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2008980117","article-title":"Decanoic acid inhibits mTORC1 activity independent of glucose and insulin signaling","volume":"117","author":"Warren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03809-4","article-title":"Potential of Capric Acid in Neurological Disorders: An Overview","volume":"48","author":"Shekhar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900016151","article-title":"Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Overview","volume":"13","author":"Petersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.005","article-title":"Medium-chain plasma acylcarnitines, ketone levels, cognition, and gray matter volumes in healthy elderly, mildly cognitively impaired, or Alzheimer\u2019s disease subjects","volume":"43","author":"Ciavardelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_115","first-page":"120","article-title":"Alzheimer Disease and Oxidative Stress","volume":"2","author":"Perry","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ameen, A.O., Freude, K., and Aldana, B.I. (2022). Fats, Friends or Foes: Investigating the Role of Short- and Medium-Chain Fatty Acids in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10112778"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2024.109692","article-title":"Exploration of dietary interventions to treat mitochondrial fatty acid disorders in a mouse model","volume":"131","author":"Autio","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-230406","article-title":"The Effects of Medium Chain Triglyceride for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Related Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"94","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201500182","article-title":"Medium-chain fatty acids inhibit mitochondrial metabolism in astrocytes promoting astrocyte-neuron lactate and ketone body shuttle systems","volume":"30","author":"Thevenet","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takeishi, J., Tatewaki, Y., Nakase, T., Takano, Y., Tomita, N., Yamamoto, S., Mutoh, T., and Taki, Y. (2021). Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Use of MCT Oil and a Ketogenic Diet. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212310"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abghari, M., Vu, J.T., Eckberg, N., Aldana, B.I., and Kohlmeier, K.A. (2023). Decanoic Acid Rescues Differences in AMPA-Mediated Calcium Rises in Hippocampal CA1 Astrocytes and Neurons in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13101461"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2024.2398364","article-title":"\u03b2-hydroxybutyrate and mitochondria mediate the association between medium-chain fatty acids, DHA and mild cognitive impairment: A nested case\u2013control study","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.37","article-title":"Association of Circulating Caprylic Acid with Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Cohort","volume":"10","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Prev. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"397","author":"Bloem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2022.06.001","article-title":"Ketogenic therapy for Parkinson\u2019s disease: A systematic review and synthesis without meta-analysis of animal and human trials","volume":"163","author":"Grammatikopoulou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06532-5","article-title":"Caprylic acid ameliorates rotenone induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the gut-brain axis in Zebrafish","volume":"48","author":"Cansiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tefera, T.W., and Borges, K. (2017). Metabolic Dysfunctions in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis and Potential Metabolic Treatments. Front. Neurosci., 1.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00611"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veyrat-Durebex, C., Reynier, P., Procaccio, V., Hergesheimer, R., Corcia, P., Andres, C.R., and Blasco, H. (2018). How Can a Ketogenic Diet Improve Motor Function?. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00015"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iyer, S.H., Yeh, M.Y., Netzel, L., Lindsey, M.G., Wallace, M., Simeone, K.A., and Simeone, T.A. (2024). Dietary and Metabolic Approaches for Treating Autism Spectrum Disorders, Affective Disorders and Cognitive Impairment Comorbid with Epilepsy: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16040553"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.16245","article-title":"Role of the ketogenic diet in children with intractable seizures","volume":"32","author":"Tallian","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51030","article-title":"Abolishing spontaneous epileptiform activity in human brain tissue through AMPA receptor inhibition","volume":"7","author":"Wright","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warren, E.C., Kram\u00e1r, P., Lloyd-Jones, K., and Williams, R.S.B. (2021). Decanoic Acid Stimulates Autophagy in D. discoideum. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112946"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2019.1079","article-title":"Absence of increased blood decanoic acid levels in children with epilepsy treated with classic ketogenic diet","volume":"21","author":"Enderlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2022.105917","article-title":"The role of nutrition in canine idiopathic epilepsy management: Fact or fiction?","volume":"290","author":"Verdoodt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rauch, E., Ari, C., and Kov\u00e1cs, Z. (2023). Dose-Dependent Beneficial Effect of Ketone Supplement-Evoked Ketosis on Anxiety Level in Female WAG\/Rij Rats: Sometimes Less Is More. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15204412"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16972","article-title":"Dietary medium chain triglycerides for management of epilepsy: New data from human, dog, and rodent studies","volume":"62","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, J.K., Zhao, Y.L., Jiang, L., Wang, Y., and Cai, W. (2023). Decreased Expression of KLF4 Leading to Functional Deficit in Pediatric Patients with Intestinal Failure and Potential Therapeutic Strategy Using Decanoic Acid. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15122660"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2008.08027","article-title":"Undecanoic Acid, Lauric Acid, and N-Tridecanoic Acid Inhibit Escherichia coli Persistence and Biofilm Formation","volume":"31","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2024.0063","article-title":"Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Lauric Acid Against Staphylococcus aureus and Its Application in Infectious Cooked Chicken","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002042","article-title":"Dietary Supplementation with Medium-Chain Triglycerides Reduces Candida Gastrointestinal Colonization in Preterm Infants","volume":"38","author":"Arsenault","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104172","article-title":"Research Note: Curbing Salmonella Enteritidis in broiler chickens with palm-free medium-chain fatty acids","volume":"103","author":"Hermans","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ling, H., Liu, R., Sam, Q.H., Shen, H., Chai, L.Y.A., and Chang, M.W. (2023). Engineering of a probiotic yeast for the production and secretion of medium-chain fatty acids antagonistic to an opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1090501"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO03059D","article-title":"Dietary additive octyl and decyl glycerate modulates metabolism and inflammation under different dietary patterns with the contribution of the gut microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2024.2353403","article-title":"A comprehensive review of medium chain monoglycerides on metabolic pathways, nutritional and functional properties, nanotechnology formulations and applications in food system","volume":"65","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.11562","article-title":"Dietary medium-chain 1-monoglycerides modulates the community and function of cecal microbiota of broilers","volume":"102","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Tang, Y.H., Fang, W., Cui, K., Xu, D., Liu, G.B., Chi, S.Y., Tan, B.P., Mai, K.S., and Ai, Q.H. (2022). Octanoate Alleviates Dietary Soybean Oil-Induced Intestinal Physical Barrier Damage, Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response and Microbial Dysbiosis in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.892901"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2023.06.014","article-title":"Glycerol monolaurate improves intestinal morphology and antioxidant status by suppressing inflammatory responses and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling in lipopolysaccharide-exposed chicken embryos","volume":"15","author":"Kong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.739973","article-title":"Regulation of survival, growth performance, and intestinal health of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) larvae by sodium decanoate supplementation","volume":"577","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryoichi, N., Shota, N., Isao, K., Yoshihiro, M., Kei, G., Chie, N., Yi, L., Takamitsu, S., Kiyomu, F., and Hitoshi, O. (2024). Differential Effects of Three Medium-Chain Fatty Acids on Mitochondrial Quality Control and Skeletal Muscle Maturation. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13070821"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nukaga, S., Fujiwara-Tani, R., Nishida, R., Miyagawa, Y., Goto, K., Kawahara, I., Nakashima, C., Fujii, K., Ogata, R., and Ohmori, H. (2024). Caprylic Acid Inhibits High Mobility Group Box-1-Induced Mitochondrial Damage in Myocardial Tubes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158081"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9076988","DOI":"10.1155\/adpp\/9076988","article-title":"Octanoic Acid and Decanoic Acid Inhibit Tunicamycin-Induced ER Stress in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells","volume":"1","author":"Sukketsiri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Wu, C., Wang, S., Tong, Y., Huang, J., Xue, C., Cao, T., and Suzuki, K. (2025). Long-Term Moderate Increase in Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Intake Enhances Muscle Metabolism and Function in Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094126"},{"key":"ref_153","first-page":"159","article-title":"Effect of Lauric Acid Substitution of Chlortetracycline on Muscle Quality and Antioxidant Function in Broilers","volume":"39","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Chin. Cereals Oils Assoc."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ezaki, O. (2024). Possible Extracellular Signals to Ameliorate Sarcopenia in Response to Medium-Chain Triglycerides (8:0 and 10:0) in Frail Older Adults. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16162606"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/13\/2133\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T13:47:15Z","timestamp":1782913635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/13\/2133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":154,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["nu18132133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu18132133","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}}}