{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:35:19Z","timestamp":1785429319043,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of University and Research","award":["H22C24000120001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H22C24000120001"]}]},{"award":["H22C24000120001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H22C24000120001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0341vw408","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Eating behaviors and psychological processes related to food consumption are increasingly recognized as key factors of successful adherence to a healthy dietary pattern. In this context, mindful eating and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet have emerged as models promoting beneficial health outcomes, whereas orthorexia nervosa, characterized by an obsessive focus on eating healthy foods, often leads to dietary inadequacies. Here, we investigated the association among mindful eating, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, orthorexia nervosa and BMI in a cohort of university students. Methods: A sample of 518 Italian university students completed an online survey assessing general and sociodemographic characteristics, the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet pattern by MEDAS and MEDLIFE, the orthorexia tendency by ORTO-15 test and the degree of mindful eating by the Mind-Eat Scale. Students\u2019 t-test, chi-square test, Pearson\u2019s correlation, and K-means cluster analysis were used for analyses. Results: The participants had a mean BMI of 23.08 \u00b1 3.51, with 69% normal-weight and 25% overweight\/obese individuals, showing statistically significant sex differences. Mean Mind-Eat, MEDAS, MEDLIFE and ORTO-15 scores were 3.22 \u00b1 0.46, 8.81 \u00b1 2.35, 3.06 \u00b1 1.14 and 38.31 \u00b1 5.94, respectively. Men scored significantly higher than women in all categories, except for the MEDAS score, where no sex-related differences were observed. Interestingly, the Mind-Eat score was positively associated with ORTO-15 (r = 0.24, p &lt; 0.0001), MEDAS (r = 0.23, p &lt; 0.0001), and MEDLIFE (r = 0.11, p = 0.01) scores. Three clusters were derived, distinguishing optimal (cluster 2), intermediate (cluster 1) and poor (cluster 3) eating profiles, showing sex differences. BMI was significantly lower in cluster 2 than in cluster 3. Conclusions: Our results suggest that integrating psychological and dietary indicators of eating behavior may help identify young adults with less favorable weight-related profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18132183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T08:05:38Z","timestamp":1783325138000},"page":"2183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mindful Eating, Orthorexic Tendency, and Mediterranean Diet Adherence Identify Weight-Related Eating Profiles in Young Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4759-5147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Augimeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenica","family":"Mazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Gelsomino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9769-1615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Unit, \u201cAnnunziata\u201d Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Catalano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Unit, \u201cAnnunziata\u201d Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9734-1017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Adornetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2435-8931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Stefania","family":"Sinicropi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4142-0496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Bonofiglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/nbu.12559","article-title":"Mindful eating: What we know so far","volume":"47","author":"Tapper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060231153427","article-title":"Mindful eating: A conceptual critical review of the literature, measurement and intervention development","volume":"29","author":"Mantzios","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. Health"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2020.105039","article-title":"Getting a deeper understanding of mindfulness in the context of eating behavior: Development and validation of the Mindful Eating Inventory","volume":"159","author":"Peitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2016.07.006","article-title":"A mindful eating intervention: A theory-guided randomized anti-obesity feasibility study with adolescent Latino females","volume":"28","author":"Daly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-015-9692-8","article-title":"Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on mindful eating, sweets consumption, and fasting glucose levels in obese adults: Data from the SHINE randomized controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Mason","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-019-01232-5","article-title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Mindfulness-Based Weight Loss Intervention on Cardiovascular Reactivity to Social-Evaluative Threat Among Adults with Obesity","volume":"10","author":"Daubenmier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23247","article-title":"Mindfulness and eating disorder psychopathology: A meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Sala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-020-00927-2","article-title":"Trait mindfulness differentiates the interest in healthy diet from orthorexia nervosa","volume":"26","author":"Strahler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gkiouleka, M., Stavraki, C., Sergentanis, T.N., and Vassilakou, T. (2022). Orthorexia Nervosa in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Literature Review. Children, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/children9030365"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-023-01542-7","article-title":"Exploring the moderating role of mindfulness, mindful eating, and self-compassion on the relationship between eating-disordered quality of life and orthorexia nervosa","volume":"28","author":"Kalika","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-022-01440-4","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa, mindful eating, and perfectionism: An exploratory investigation","volume":"27","author":"Miley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2025.103919","article-title":"Mediterranean diet: Why a new pyramid? An updated representation of the traditional Mediterranean diet by the Italian Society of Human Nutrition (SINU)","volume":"35","author":"Sofi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez N\u00fa\u00f1ez, S., Rub\u00edn-Garc\u00eda, M., Mart\u00edn-S\u00e1nchez, V., \u00c1lvarez-\u00c1lvarez, L., and Molina, A.J. (2025). Mediterranean Diet, Obesity-Related Metabolic Cardiovascular Disorders, and Environmental Sustainability: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17122005"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, X., Zhang, W., Wan, X., Lv, X., Lin, P., Si, S., Xue, F., Wang, A., and Cao, Y. (2024). The effects of Mediterranean diet on cardiovascular risk factors, glycemic control and weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. BMC Nutr., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-024-00836-y"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04618-1","article-title":"Scientific evidence supporting the newly developed one-health labeling tool \u201cMed-Index\u201d: An umbrella systematic review on health benefits of Mediterranean diet principles and adherence in a Planeterranean perspective","volume":"21","author":"Zupo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2017.58","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and multiple health outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised trials","volume":"72","author":"Dinu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceraudo, F., Caparello, G., Galluccio, A., Avolio, E., Augimeri, G., De Rose, D., Vivacqua, A., Morelli, C., Barone, I., and Catalano, S. (2022). Impact of Mediterranean Diet Food Choices and Physical Activity on Serum Metabolic Profile in Healthy Adolescents: Findings from the DIMENU Project. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040881"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacka, F.N., O\u2019Neil, A., Opie, R., Itsiopoulos, C., Cotton, S., Mohebbi, M., Castle, D., Dash, S., Mihalopoulos, C., and Chatterton, M.L. (2017). A randomised controlled trial of dietary improvement for adults with major depression (the \u2018SMILES\u2019 trial). BMC Med., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0791-y"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2017.1411320","article-title":"A Mediterranean-style dietary intervention supplemented with fish oil improves diet quality and mental health in people with depression: A randomized controlled trial (HELFIMED)","volume":"22","author":"Parletta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"631","article-title":"Association of dietary total antioxidant capacity with depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders: A systematic review of observational studies","volume":"7","author":"Pereira","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422425100243","article-title":"Effect of Mediterranean diet on mental health outcomes: A systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Kabthymer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107398","article-title":"Development and validation of the mindful eating scale (mind-eat scale) in a general population","volume":"199","author":"Shankland","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03327537","article-title":"Orthorexia nervosa: Validation of a diagnosis questionnaire","volume":"10","author":"Donini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Conesa, M.T., Philippou, E., Pafilas, C., Massaro, M., Quarta, S., Andrade, V., Jorge, R., Chervenkov, M., Ivanova, T., and Dimitrova, D. (2020). Exploring the Validity of the 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS): A Cross-National Study in Seven European Countries around the Mediterranean Region. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12102960"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1153","article-title":"Validation of a questionnaire to measure overall Mediterranean Lifestyle habits for research application: The Medliterranean Lifestyle Index (MEDLIFE)","volume":"32","author":"Bodega","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-010-9824-0","article-title":"Addressing Gender and Cultural Diversity in Body Image: Objectification Theory as a Framework for Integrating Theories and Grounding Research","volume":"63","author":"Moradi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex. Roles"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ongun Yilmaz, H., Arslan, S., Tari Selcuk, K., and Yilmaz, S. (2026). Association Between Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Intuitive and Mindful Eating in Turkish Young Adults. Nutrients, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18020196"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"38","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between orthorexia nervosa, mindful eating and guilt and shame","volume":"11","author":"Thorne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barakat, M., Salim, N.A., Malaeb, D., Dabbous, M., Sakr, F., Hallit, S., Fekih-Romdhame, F., and Obeid, S. (2024). Mediating effect of psychological distress and mindful eating behaviors between orthorexia nervosa and academic self-efficacy among Lebanese university female students. BMC Public Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17812-7"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/nbu.12708","article-title":"Mindful eating and orthorexia nervosa: How do they interact?","volume":"49","author":"Dobos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-021-01278-2","article-title":"Italian adaptation of the Dusseldorf Orthorexia Scale (I-DOS): Psychometric properties and prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among an Italian sample","volume":"27","author":"Cerolini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-023-01568-x","article-title":"Healthy orthorexia vs. orthorexia nervosa: Italian validation of the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS)","volume":"28","author":"Falgares","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anversa, R.G., Muthmainah, M., Sketriene, D., Gogos, A., Sumithran, P., and Brown, R.M. (2021). A review of sex differences in the mechanisms and drivers of overeating. Front. Neuroendocrinol., 63.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2021.100941"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Augimeri, G., Marchese, M., Plastina, P., and Bonofiglio, D. (2025). Examining Associations Among Orthorexia Nervosa and Anthropometric Factors and Lifestyle Habits in an Italian University Community. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17030537"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab092","article-title":"Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Five-Year Weight Change, and Risk of Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies","volume":"13","author":"Lotfi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-018-0023-3","article-title":"Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and long-term changes in weight and waist circumference in the EPIC-Italy cohort","volume":"8","author":"Agnoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.11.2934","article-title":"Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced 3-year incidence of obesity","volume":"136","author":"Mendez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3355","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.12.3355","article-title":"Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with body mass index and obesity in a Spanish population","volume":"134","author":"Marrugat","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00503.x","article-title":"Obesity and the Mediterranean diet: A systematic review of observational and intervention studies","volume":"9","author":"Buckland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papadaki, A., Nolen-Doerr, E., and Mantzoros, C.S. (2020). The effect of the Mediterranean diet on metabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials in adults. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113342"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2010.0031","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and weight loss: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Esposito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06978-2","article-title":"Associations among skin carotenoids, anthropometric parameters and healthy lifestyle behaviors in young adults: A cross-sectional, population-based study","volume":"23","author":"Augimeri","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555942","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/1555942","article-title":"Serum from Adolescents with High Polyphenol Intake Exhibits Improved Lipid Profile and Prevents Lipid Accumulation in HepG2 Human Liver Cells","volume":"2023","author":"Augimeri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05224-5","article-title":"Differences of skin carotenoids and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet pattern in adults from Southern Italy and Dominican Republic","volume":"22","author":"Augimeri","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Augimeri, G., Gelsomino, L., Germano, M., Tripepi, G., Bonofiglio, D., and Bonofiglio, R. (2026). Skin Carotenoid Score as a Potential Early Biomarker of Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Adolescents. Nutrients, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18020337"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caparello, G., Groccia, G.D., Ceraudo, F., Cesario, M., Bonofiglio, R., Augimeri, G., and Bonofiglio, D. (2023). Association between Skin Carotenoid Score Measured with Veggie Meter((R)) and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among Adolescents from Southern Italy. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15234920"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Damigou, E., Georgoulis, M., Chrysohoou, C., Barkas, F., Vlachopoulou, E., Adamidis, P.S., Kravvariti, E., Tsioufis, C., Pitsavos, C., and Liberopoulos, E. (2024). Mediterranean-Type Diet Adherence and Body Mass Index through 20 Years of Follow-Up: Results from the ATTICA Cohort Study (2002\u20132022). Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16081128"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/13\/2183\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T08:22:21Z","timestamp":1783326141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/13\/2183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["nu18132183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu18132183","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]}}}