{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T09:05:47Z","timestamp":1783933547792,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity care increasingly requires outcomes that extend beyond total body weight. Although weight reduction remains clinically meaningful, the scale alone does not indicate whether fat mass, lean tissue, muscle quality, strength, mobility, or physiological reserve have changed in a favorable direction. This narrative review examines the combined role of higher-protein dietary strategies and concurrent exercise in adults with obesity, with emphasis on body composition, metabolic health, and physical function. Higher-protein dietary strategies may support satiety, improve the tolerability of energy restriction in some patients, and attenuate lean-tissue loss during weight reduction, while evidence for superior long-term weight loss remains inconsistent. Exercise provides complementary stimuli to protein-focused nutrition: resistance training supports strength, muscle function, and lean-tissue preservation, while aerobic and interval-based training contribute to cardiorespiratory fitness, regional adiposity reduction, and selected cardiometabolic adaptations. Concurrent training offers a practical framework for integrating these stimuli, with value primarily as multidomain coverage rather than as evidence of universal superiority over other modalities. The main rationale for combining protein adequacy with exercise is preservation of usable physical function during weight loss, particularly in older adults, patients with sarcopenic-obesity risk, and individuals undergoing rapid pharmacological or surgical weight reduction. Overall, the available evidence is most consistent with viewing higher-protein nutrition and structured exercise as complementary strategies for improving the quality of weight loss, rather than as a single protocol for maximizing scale-weight reduction. Longer pragmatic trials are needed to clarify phenotype-specific responses, feasible protein targets, exercise progression, monitoring strategies, and functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18142280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T08:05:31Z","timestamp":1783929931000},"page":"2280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Higher-Protein Nutrition and Concurrent Exercise in Obesity: A Narrative Review of Body Composition, Metabolic Health, and Physical Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4234-5524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Reytor-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evidence Ecosystems, Implementation Science, and Decision-Making (CIDES), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Bienestar Humano, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Indoam\u00e9rica, Ambato 180150, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Loor-Cede\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Santo Domingo 230101, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0359-3617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dolores Jima","family":"Gavilanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo, Samborond\u00f3n 0901952, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8286-2475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andri","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Eastwick College, Ramsey, NJ 07446, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5223-3370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Marcos","family":"Parise-Vasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evidence Ecosystems, Implementation Science, and Decision-Making (CIDES), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Bienestar Humano, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Indoam\u00e9rica, Quito 170103, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1907-3632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Angamarca-Iguago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evidence Ecosystems, Implementation Science, and Decision-Making (CIDES), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Bienestar Humano, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Indoam\u00e9rica, Quito 170103, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1684-5206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaen","family":"Cagua-Ordo\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evidence Ecosystems, Implementation Science, and Decision-Making (CIDES), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Bienestar Humano, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Indoam\u00e9rica, Quito 170103, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5317-8548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Campuzano-Donoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evidence Ecosystems, Implementation Science, and Decision-Making (CIDES), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Bienestar Humano, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Indoam\u00e9rica, Ambato 180150, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3641-1501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Simancas-Racines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evidence Ecosystems, Implementation Science, and Decision-Making (CIDES), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Bienestar Humano, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Indoam\u00e9rica, Ambato 180150, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00316-4","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity","volume":"13","author":"Rubino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.2337\/dsi24-0001","article-title":"A Guideline-Directed Approach to Obesity Treatment","volume":"37","author":"Chao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bvae164","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvae164","article-title":"Fundamental Body Composition Principles Provide Context for Fat-Free and Skeletal Muscle Loss with GLP-1 RA Treatments","volume":"8","author":"Tinsley","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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