{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T09:05:50Z","timestamp":1783933550625,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Esp\u00edrito Santo State Research and Innovation Support Foundation","award":["14\/2022\u20132022-NZXP7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14\/2022\u20132022-NZXP7"]}]},{"name":"Esp\u00edrito Santo State Research and Innovation Support Foundation","award":["21\/2023\u20132024-B5W9W"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21\/2023\u20132024-B5W9W"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Diets rich in refined carbohydrates are associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction, but the mechanisms linking metabolic disturbances to myocardial impairment in females remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of short-term consumption of a refined carbohydrate-rich diet on papillary muscle contractility in female rats. Methods: Adult female Wistar rats were assigned to either a control diet (CT) or a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) for 15 days. The HCD consisted of 45% sweetened condensed milk, 10% refined sugar, and 45% standard chow. Metabolic, inflammatory, functional, and molecular parameters were evaluated. Myocardial contractility and intracellular Ca2+ handling were assessed in isolated left ventricular papillary muscles, while phospholamban (PLB), SERCA2a, and NCX1 protein expression were analyzed. Results: The HCD increased ovarian adipose tissue, triglyceride levels, glucose intolerance, and TNF-\u03b1 levels, while decreasing HDL cholesterol and circulating adiponectin. Leptin and MCP-1 levels were unchanged. Functional assessments revealed impaired cardiac contractility, evidenced by reduced papillary muscle force and lower positive force derivative (dF\/dt+). HCD also decreased post-pause potentiation and post-rest contraction, indicating impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ storage and release, as well as potentially reduced extracellular calcium influx. At the molecular level, PLB expression was increased, whereas SERCA2a and NCX1 expression remained unchanged. Conclusions: Short-term consumption of a refined carbohydrate-rich diet induces early cardiac contractile dysfunction in female rats, associated with impaired Ca2+ handling, reduced adiponectin, and increased inflammation, suggesting that metabolic and inflammatory disturbances precede structural cardiac alterations and may promote cardiometabolic disease development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18142281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T08:05:31Z","timestamp":1783929931000},"page":"2281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Refined Carbohydrate-Rich Diet Promotes Early Myocardial Dysfunction Associated with Adiponectin Reduction, Inflammation, and Impaired Ca2+ Handling in Female Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3948-4004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Calote","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria 29040-091, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4842-8472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Coelho","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria 29040-091, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8141-5880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karoline","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria 29040-091, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7246-2632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuelle Coutinho de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria 29040-091, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8141-4007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe Martinuzo","family":"Filetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria 29040-091, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8560-4385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirian","family":"Fioresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria 29040-091, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1244-5667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andressa","family":"Bolsoni-Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria 29040-091, ES, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria 29040-091, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3433-4925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolini Zuqui","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria 29040-091, ES, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria 29040-091, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab049","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods and cardiovascular diseases: Potential mechanisms of action","volume":"12","author":"Juul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. 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