{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:20:59Z","timestamp":1787314859390,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2025-00562695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-00562695"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2025-00562695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-00562695"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wpjm123","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["RS-2023-NR077089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-NR077089"]}]},{"award":["RS-2023-NR077089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-NR077089"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vxgjw72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and \u03b1-synuclein aggregation are central pathological features of PD. Zanthoxylum piperitum DC, commonly known as Korean pepper or chopi, is a traditional dietary spice in Eastern Asia and has been reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the neuroprotective and motor function\u2013enhancing effects of distilled extract of Z. piperitum (deZP) in 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated Caenorhabditis elegans and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse models of PD. Methods: In the C. elegans model, dopaminergic neurotoxicity was induced by MPP+, and deZP was tested at 0.25, 0.5, and 1% (v\/v) to evaluate neuronal preservation through GFP-labeled dopaminergic neurons and \u03b1-synuclein expression. Concurrently, in the MPTP-induced mouse model, deZP was administered intranasally at a fixed dose of 20 \u03bcL\/mouse, equivalent to 5 mg\/mouse. Motor function was assessed using the rota-rod test, pole test, and grip strength test, while dopaminergic neuronal survival was evaluated by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunostaining. Results: In MPP+-treated C. elegans, deZP significantly restored green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence in dopaminergic neurons and reduced \u03b1-synuclein expression, with the most pronounced effects observed at 1% (v\/v). In the MPTP-induced mouse model, deZP at this fixed intranasal dose significantly improved motor performance and preserved TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra. Conclusions: These findings suggest that deZP may represent a promising preclinical candidate for further investigation in PD-related neurodegeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18142350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T02:32:08Z","timestamp":1784514728000},"page":"2350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neuroprotective Effects of Distilled Extract of Zanthoxylum piperitum in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6136-8556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su Bin","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8739-1444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihun","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju 54986, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabsik","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9823-4504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye-eun","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Regulatory Sciences, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6248-167X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amjad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6379-7596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Han","family":"Yook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju 54986, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4679-688X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Yong","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Uk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju 54986, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17013","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.13","article-title":"Parkinson disease","volume":"3","author":"Poewe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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