{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T05:01:40Z","timestamp":1784869300185,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten ingestion. Although a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only effective treatment, patients may still experience inflammation, nutritional imbalances, and reduced quality of life. Physical activity (PA) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory benefits; however, its role in CD management remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on the associations of PA and the outcomes of exercise interventions in individuals with CD, focusing on metabolic, nutritional, clinical, and functional outcomes. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we included peer-reviewed observational and experimental studies assessing PA in individuals with CD across all age groups, without language or date restrictions. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus. The risk of bias was evaluated using JBI and Cochrane RoB 2 tools. Results: Fourteen studies (17 publications) were included, the vast majority of which were cross-sectional, along with one quasi-experimental study and two randomized controlled trial cohorts reported across five publications. Data from these predominantly observational studies suggested possible, yet inconsistent, links between higher PA levels and better profiles in body composition, inflammatory and oxidative markers, quality of life, and psychological outcomes. Positive associations were also observed in some studies regarding gastrointestinal symptoms and adherence to the GFD. However, findings on metabolic markers and bone mineral density were inconsistent and linked to dietary factors. Conclusions: While PA represents a potential adjunct in the comprehensive management of CD, particularly in relation to functional and inflammatory outcomes. However, the current evidence remains highly preliminary, limited, and inconsistent, which restricts the strength of any definitive conclusions. Therefore, high-quality, longitudinal studies and well-designed clinical trials are needed to confirm its long-term benefits, especially in the pediatric population, and to establish specific recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18142400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T01:01:28Z","timestamp":1784768488000},"page":"2400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physical Activity in Patients with Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6899-8423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Zapata-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of M\u00e1laga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute of M\u00e1laga (IBIMA), University of M\u00e1laga, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4093-4900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Herrador-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute of M\u00e1laga (IBIMA), University of M\u00e1laga, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3004-252X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor Manuel","family":"Navas-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5471-5824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Bossini-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Human Reproduction and Hereditary and Complex Diseases (IBS-TEC14), Advanced Therapies and Biomedical Technologies, Institute of Biomedical Research of Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9573-3244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Nestares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology \u201cJos\u00e9 Mataix Verd\u00fa\u201d (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0113-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Mart\u00edn-Masot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of M\u00e1laga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute of M\u00e1laga (IBIMA), University of M\u00e1laga, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology \u201cJos\u00e9 Mataix Verd\u00fa\u201d (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002497","article-title":"European Society Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Guidelines for Diagnosing Coeliac Disease 2020","volume":"70","author":"Husby","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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