{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:01:57Z","timestamp":1784955717815,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Oral diseases remain a major public health challenge globally and in Hungary, where untreated caries, periodontal disease, and edentulism are highly prevalent. Diet is a key modifiable determinant of oral health, yet the cumulative impact of multiple unfavorable nutritional behaviors on self-perceived oral health has not been assessed at the national level in Hungary, nor have population-attributable fraction (PAF) estimates been reported. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 5146 adults in the 2019 Hungarian European Health Interview Survey. A six-component nutritional-risk score was constructed from self-reported dietary behaviors (fruit intake, vegetable intake, sugary soft drink consumption, sweets consumption, processed meat consumption, and water intake). Survey-weighted logistic regression estimated associations between nutritional-risk categories and poor self-perceived oral health, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related covariates. Counterfactual PAFs with 95% Monte Carlo uncertainty intervals (1000 bootstrap replications) were estimated for three nutritional-risk scenarios. Results: The weighted prevalence of poor self-perceived oral health was 19.2%. Compared with participants with 0\u20131 unfavorable nutritional factors, those with 3 factors (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.09\u20131.73) and 4\u20136 factors (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.15\u20131.85) had significantly higher odds of poor oral health. Low water intake was independently associated with poor oral health (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.16\u20131.64). The main counterfactual PAF analysis estimated that 16.1% (Monte Carlo 95% UI: 5.93\u201326.48%) of poor oral health burden was attributable to unfavorable nutritional profiles. High nutritional risk was also associated with active caries, gum bleeding, and tooth loss. Conclusions: Cumulative nutritional risk is independently associated with poor self-perceived oral health in Hungarian adults. Integrating dietary improvements into oral health prevention strategies may substantially reduce the population-level burden of oral disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18152408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:05:42Z","timestamp":1784819142000},"page":"2408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutritional Risk Profiles and Poor Self-Perceived Oral Health in Hungarian Adults: A Population-Based Study with Monte Carlo Population-Attributable Fraction Estimation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0593-0188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr Sayed","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7022-5932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Battamir","family":"Ulambayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1711-6918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00f3bert","family":"Bata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5066-0646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"M\u00f3r\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Sociological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4400 Ny\u00edregyh\u00e1za, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e1ta J\u00e1vorn\u00e9","family":"Erdei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Methodology and Prevention, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4400 Ny\u00edregyh\u00e1za, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0554-7350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attila Csaba","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2026, May 25). 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