{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:29:16Z","timestamp":1785414556576,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["2022K272X8\u2014CUP J53D23010090006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022K272X8\u2014CUP J53D23010090006"]}]},{"award":["2022K272X8\u2014CUP J53D23010090006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022K272X8\u2014CUP J53D23010090006"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Sarcopenia involves a gradual decline in skeletal muscle mass that may occur during aging or in association with chronic pathological conditions. It markedly reduces muscle strength and mobility, thereby impairing quality of life. Because sarcopenia\u2019s severity directly correlates with frailty, it represents an important predictor of prognosis and disease risk. Current preventive and therapeutic strategies rely mainly on physical activity, which is not feasible for all patients. This study investigated the biological effects of two independently prepared Tuber borchii (T. borchii) extracts in an in vitro model of sarcopenic stress. Methods: The activity of T. borchii extracts was investigated in a cell-based model of sarcopenia, following previous observations that these preparations influence proliferation-related pathways, including ERK1\/2 phosphorylation. Specifically, differentiated myotubes were exposed to D-galactose to reproduce atrophy-associated cellular changes, and the impact of T. borchii extracts on protein synthesis, turnover, and cell morphology was assessed. Results: T. borchii extracts enhanced protein synthesis and turnover in myotubes. Furthermore, the treatment significantly reduced the expression of key galactose-induced sarcopenia and atrophy markers, such as MuRF1. Morphological analysis confirmed this protective effect, showing that treated myotubes maintained greater thickness and exhibited a larger cross-sectional area despite exposure to the sarcopenic stimulus. Conclusions: These results indicate that T. borchii extracts can attenuate selected cellular alterations associated with muscle aging. Future identification of the most active components may support their development as nutraceutical supplements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18152427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T05:49:27Z","timestamp":1785131367000},"page":"2427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tuber borchii Extracts Buffer Galactose-Induced Skeletal Muscle Sarcopenia in C2C12 Myotubes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5646-4325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Aiello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for the Promotion of Human Science and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9172-7461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Lupacchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9183-6206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Belli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for the Promotion of Human Science and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7360-6650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Cristina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Raffaele Sulmona, Viale dell\u2019Agricoltura, 67039 Sulmona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3150-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Sansone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for the Promotion of Human Science and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1369-4895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Di Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9257-9667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Gismondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pennesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosa","family":"Ciriolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5857-8049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Castelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for the Promotion of Human Science and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7003-3172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Baldelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for the Promotion of Human Science and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00550-w","article-title":"Sarcopenia","volume":"10","author":"Sayer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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