{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:39:09Z","timestamp":1785411549982,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":171,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIBEROBN CB12\/03\/30038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBEROBN CB12\/03\/30038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["CIBEROBN CB12\/03\/30038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBEROBN CB12\/03\/30038"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ca2c886","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Regional Development"},{"name":"IDISBA Grants"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Evidence regarding the impacts of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) remains inconsistent. Objectives: This systematic review and dose\u2013response meta-analysis evaluated effects of Mg supplementation on anthropometric indices, liver and kidney function, lipid and glycemic profiles, blood pressure, and inflammatory biomarkers. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases up to May 2026 identified 78 eligible randomized controlled trials. Results: Mg supplementation significantly reduced body weight (weighted mean difference [WMD]: \u22120.70 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: \u22121.30, \u22120.09), diastolic blood pressure (WMD: \u22121.58 mmHg; 95% CI: \u22122.50, \u22120.65), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (WMD: \u22120.48; 95% CI: \u22120.79, \u22120.18), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: \u22123.21 mg\/dL; 95% CI: \u22125.27, \u22121.15), fasting blood glucose (WMD: \u22123.60 mg\/dL; 95% CI: \u22126.13, \u22121.06), systolic blood pressure (WMD: \u22122.50 mmHg; 95% CI: \u22124.08, \u22120.91), glycated hemoglobin (WMD: \u22120.15%; 95% CI: \u22120.26, \u22120.03), triglycerides (WMD: \u22129.24 mg\/dL; 95% CI: \u221216.87, \u22121.61), and interleukin-6 levels (WMD: \u22121.10 pg\/mL; 95% CI: \u22121.93, \u22120.27) compared with controls. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations significantly increased (WMD: 1.45 mg\/dL; 95% CI: 0.37, 2.54). No significant effects were identified on hip circumference, alanine aminotransferase, waist circumference, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, creatinine, C-reactive protein, body mass index, total cholesterol, fasting insulin, body fat percentage, and aspartate aminotransferase. Most RCTs (79.5%) administered Mg doses \u2265 300 mg\/day, and 66.7% had intervention durations \u2265 12 weeks; however, evidence from higher-dose (\u2265500 mg\/day) and longer-term (\u226525 weeks) interventions remained limited. Conclusions: Mg supplementation was associated with significant improvements in several CMRFs, including body weight, lipid and glycemic profiles, blood pressure, and interleukin-6 levels. However, these effects were generally modest, and their clinical relevance remains uncertain given the variable certainty of evidence across outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18152435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T05:49:27Z","timestamp":1785131367000},"page":"2435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comprehensive Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose\u2013Response Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9157-1922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shooka","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1143-4926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Palermo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pantea","family":"Ojani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navid","family":"Alaghemand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pouyan Sanjari","family":"Pirayvatlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Agnes Medical Center, Fresno, CA 93720, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Mirkarimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Ayazian","family":"Mavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5273-8048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kia","family":"Tahouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shokoufeh","family":"Shokouhifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5777-7782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeganeh","family":"Ettehad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj 3149969415, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Borzabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj 3149969415, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7968-6110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damoon","family":"Ashtary-Larky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6572-5809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsuhiko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Bouzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, IDISBA & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12\/03\/30038), Guillem Colom Bldg, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4559-4303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6940-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep A.","family":"Tur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, IDISBA & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12\/03\/30038), Guillem Colom Bldg, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0812-z","article-title":"The global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Saklayen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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