{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T01:31:07Z","timestamp":1786325467420,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The concomitant use of conventional medicines with foods, food supplements, and herbal products has increased, raising concerns about interactions. Despite this, healthcare professionals\u2019 knowledge and clinical practices in this domain remain incompletely characterised. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices regarding food\u2013drug, herb\u2013drug, and supplement\u2013drug interactions among healthcare professionals (HPs) in Portugal. Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted among 311 HPs using an online questionnaire; participants were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. The instrument evaluated perceptions, practices, and knowledge (22 items; score 0\u201322). Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were used for group comparisons. Results: Most participants (90.6%) recognised the clinical relevance of herb\u2013drug interactions; however, only 57.6% reported routinely asking patients about food supplements or herbal product use, and 46.0% about teas or infusions. The median knowledge score was 9.00 (interquartile range 9.00), with a mean of 9.34 \u00b1 5.91. Significant differences were observed between professions (p &lt; 0.001): pharmacists achieved the highest scores and nurses the lowest. In exploratory analyses, academic training and continuing education were associated with higher knowledge, whereas professional experience was not. Conclusions: Among the professionals studied, a discrepancy exists between perceived clinical relevance and actual practice, with important gaps in technical knowledge. Within the limits of this sample, the findings point to a need for improved education and structured clinical approaches to enhance patient safety when medicines and natural products are used concomitantly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18162600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T01:20:03Z","timestamp":1786324803000},"page":"2600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Knowledge, Attitudes, and Clinical Practices Regarding Food\u2013Drug, Herb\u2013Drug, and Supplement\u2013Drug Interactions: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study Among Healthcare Professionals in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Walter","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra\u2014Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2403-7073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology, Pharmacognosy and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0902-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelina","family":"Pena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology, Pharmacognosy and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2002). 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