{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T09:24:41Z","timestamp":1787736281786,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PIBD), encompassing Crohn\u2019s Disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and IBD-Unclassified (IBDU), onsets during a critical window for growth, pubertal development, and bone accrual, making nutrition a primary, disease-modifying component of care rather than a purely supportive one. This review summarises current evidence and clinical experience on nutritional assessment, monitoring, and dietary treatment in PIBD. Malnutrition, growth faltering and micronutrient deficiency are common at diagnosis and during flares, and the interpretation of biochemical markers is complicated by systemic inflammation, hence requiring a combined dietary, biochemical, and clinical approach. Exclusive Enteral Nutrition (EEN) remains the first-line induction therapy for mild-moderate Crohn\u2019s Disease, achieving remission in 60\u201380% of patients, although its restrictive, liquid-only nature limits long-term adherence. Food-based alternatives including the Crohn\u2019s Disease Exclusion Diet with partial enteral nutrition, CD-TREAT, and the \u201cTasty and Healthy\u201d diet offer comparable induction efficacy with improved palatability and adherence in appropriately selected patients. Maintenance strategies, including cyclic EEN, dose-dependent partial enteral nutrition, and adjunct therapies such as curcumin may have a role in selected patients, and are discussed alongside emerging evidence on emulsifiers, fibre, and the Mediterranean diet. Selecting an appropriate therapy requires balancing disease severity against patient motivation, family support, and other pragmatic and lifestyle factors. Psychological and quality-of-life dimensions of dietary therapy require consideration, underscoring the need for individualised care that protects both nutritional status, child\u2019s relationship with food and overall wellbeing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18172786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T09:05:46Z","timestamp":1787735146000},"page":"2786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutritional Monitoring and Intervention in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8907-2558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Arpe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7557-3426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy","family":"Jackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1545-8893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fevronia","family":"Kiparissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0052-0543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Gaynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osvaldo","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2025.03.004","article-title":"Nutrition and dietary therapy in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"67","author":"Gerasimidis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. 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