{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T10:16:00Z","timestamp":1788171360466,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a widely studied probiotic species; however, probiotic characteristics and safety profiles are strain-specific, requiring independent evaluation. This study characterized Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATA-LPC98052 as a candidate probiotic raw material. Methods: ATA-LPC98052 was evaluated for hemolysis, acid\/bile tolerance, Caco-2 adhesion, cytotoxicity, and storage stability. Subacute oral safety was assessed in Wistar rats by gavage for 28 days at 1.2 \u00d7 1011 CFU\/kg\/day; the study design incorporated selected principles of OECD Test Guideline 407. Clinical, hematological, biochemical, organ-weight, and macroscopic endpoints were evaluated. Fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing; WGS was used for taxonomic confirmation and genomic safety screening. Results: ATA-LPC98052 was \u03b3-hemolytic and maintained 60% viability at pH 1.5 and 96% at pH 5.0, while viability ranged from 74% to 82% across 0.1\u20130.5% bile salt concentrations. Caco-2 cell viability was 99%, adhesion exceeded 90%, and the lyophilized preparation remained stable for 15 months, maintaining 9.6 log10 CFU\/g. Repeated oral administration caused no mortality or consistent treatment-related toxicological pattern. Longitudinal microbiota analysis showed no significant treatment \u00d7 time effects on alpha diversity or Bray\u2013Curtis community structure, and no genus-level MaAsLin2 association was FDR-significant. WGS confirmed L. plantarum identity and no contamination; ResFinder detected no acquired antimicrobial resistance determinants meeting specified thresholds, whereas CARD\/RGI identified low-identity qacJ and vanY homologs requiring cautious interpretation. Conclusion: ATA-LPC98052 demonstrated favorable in vitro probiotic characteristics, technological stability, gut microbiota-modulating potential, and a favorable subacute safety profile under the tested conditions; however, microbiota findings were exploratory, and phenotypic MIC testing remains warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18172796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:54:42Z","timestamp":1787763282000},"page":"2796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comprehensive In Vitro, Genomic, Microbiota, and Subacute Toxicological Safety Characterization of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATA-LPC98052"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5735-7276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u015e\u00fckran \u00d6zdatl\u0131","family":"Kurtulu\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hamidiye Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2882-7435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ertu\u011frul Osman","family":"Bursal\u0131o\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Sinop University, Sinop 57000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Reyhan","family":"Aliusta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Venar Sa\u011fl\u0131k A. S., B\u00fcy\u00fckesat Mah., \u00c7ayhane St., No: 35\/A GOP, \u00c7ankaya, Ankara 06700, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Bet\u00fcl","family":"T\u00fcrker \u015eall\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATABIO Technologies Co., Ltd., Teknopol Istanbul, Istanbul 34903, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"SFA R&D Private Health Services Co., Ltd., Teknopark Istanbul, Istanbul 34890, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Batuhan Cenk","family":"\u00d6zkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATABIO Technologies Co., Ltd., Teknopol Istanbul, Istanbul 34903, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7368-5042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deniz","family":"K\u00f6\u015febent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATABIO Technologies Co., Ltd., Teknopol Istanbul, Istanbul 34903, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ahmet Arif","family":"Kurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, S\u00fcleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Abdurrahman Recep","family":"B\u00fclb\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATABIO Technologies Co., Ltd., Teknopol Istanbul, Istanbul 34903, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1429-0526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"Hac\u0131mustafao\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Hamidiye Vocational School of Health Services, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Bekir","family":"\u00c7ak\u0131c\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATABIO Technologies Co., Ltd., Teknopol Istanbul, Istanbul 34903, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"SFA R&D Private Health Services Co., Ltd., Teknopark Istanbul, Istanbul 34890, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8560-0774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazl\u0131 Gamze","family":"B\u00fclb\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emine","family":"K\u0131z\u0131lay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Hamidiye Vocational School of Health Services, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ronay\u0131","family":"Co\u015fkun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Management, Hamidiye Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Gamze","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K\u0131z\u0131lay Beverages, Istanbul 34750, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Semra","family":"Sardas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Istanbul 34408, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"\u0130smail","family":"Aslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATABIO Technologies Co., Ltd., Teknopol Istanbul, Istanbul 34903, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"SFA R&D Private Health Services Co., Ltd., Teknopark Istanbul, Istanbul 34890, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hamidiye Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6623","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2024.2448562","article-title":"Advancements in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: Probiotic Characteristics, Gene Editing Technologies and Applications","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y\u0131lmaz, B., Bangar, S.P., Echegaray, N., Suri, S., Toma\u0161evi\u0107, I., Lorenzo, J.M., Meleko\u011flu, E., Rocha, J.M., and \u00d6zo\u011ful, F. (2022). The Impacts of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the Functional Properties of Fermented Foods: A Review of Current Knowledge. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10040826"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05850-3","article-title":"Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Genomics of Potentially Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains from Indian Foods","volume":"12","author":"Surve","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2023.e37","article-title":"Complete Genome and Two Plasmids Sequences of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L55 for Probiotic Potentials","volume":"65","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Wang, S., Wang, L., Lu, H., Zhang, T., and Zeng, W. (2024). Characterization of Genomic, Physiological, and Probiotic Features of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum JS21 Strain Isolated from Traditional Fermented Jiangshui. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13071082"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahansaz, N., Tarrah, A., Pakroo, S., Corich, V., and Giacomini, A. (2023). Lactic Acid Bacteria in Dairy Foods: Prime Sources of Antimicrobial Compounds. Fermentation, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation9110964"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Zhang, S., Li, H., Zhu, J., Liu, Z., Hu, X., and Yi, J. (2022). Assessments of Probiotic Potentials of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains Isolated From Chinese Traditional Fermented Food: Phenotypic and Genomic Analysis. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.895132"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-025-00664-x","article-title":"Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a Complementary Approach for Diabetes Treatment and Management","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Nutr. Rep."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-024-10287-3","article-title":"The Health Benefits of Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"17","author":"Aljohani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatsirisakul, O., Leenabanchong, N., Siripaopradit, Y., Chang, C., Buhngamongkol, P., and Pongpirul, K. (2025). Strain-Specific Therapeutic Potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: A Systematic Scoping Review. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.37766\/inplasy2025.2.0088"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.29228\/jrp.488","article-title":"Postbiotics Cosmetic Formulation: In Vitro Efficacy Studies on a Microbiome Friendly Antiperspirant","volume":"27","author":"Aslan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Res. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-025-02074-z","article-title":"Characterization of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains Isolated from Algerian Fruits for Probiotic and Biotechnological Applications","volume":"118","author":"Ouarabi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-023-03862-3","article-title":"A Novel Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strain: Probiotic Properties and Optimization of the Growth Conditions by Response Surface Methodology","volume":"40","author":"Cholakov","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2024.110545","article-title":"Probiotic and Functional Characterization of Newly Isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains from Human Breast Milk and Proliferative Inhibition Potential of Metabolites","volume":"182","author":"Alan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Enzym. Microb. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shokryazdan, P., Jahromi, M.F., Liang, J.B., Ramasamy, K., Sieo, C.C., and Ho, Y.W. (2016). Safety Assessment of Two New Lactobacillus Strains as Probiotic for Human Using a Rat Model. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159851"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aslan, \u0130., Celebi, L.T., Kayhan, H., Kizilay, E., G\u00fclbahar, M.Y., Kurt, H., and Cakici, B. (2023). Probiotic Formulations Containing Fixed and Essential Oils Ameliorates SIBO-Induced Gut Dysbiosis in Rats. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16071041"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"235","article-title":"Study of Growth Kinetic and Gastrointestinal Stability of Acid-Bile Resistant Lactobacillus plantarum Strains Isolated from Siahmazgi Traditional Cheese","volume":"12","author":"Farhangfar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Forum"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaushik, J.K., Kumar, A., Duary, R.K., Mohanty, A.K., Grover, S., and Batish, V.K. (2009). Functional and Probiotic Attributes of an Indigenous Isolate of Lactobacillus plantarum. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008099"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cebeci, E., Y\u00fcksel, B., Aliusta, R., Y\u0131lmaz, \u015e., Bursal\u0131o\u011flu, E.O., Bozyel, M.E., G\u00f6k\u00e7e, H.B., Kalay, \u015e., Kurtulu\u015f, \u015e.\u00d6., and Kurt, A.A. (2026). Gum Arabic Modulates Redox\u2013Ionic Microenvironments via Rheology and Kinetics to Induce Selective Cytotoxicity in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Gels, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12020139"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurt, A.A., Ibrah\u0131m, B., \u00c7\u0131nar, H., Ats\u00fc, A.N., Bursal\u0131o\u011flu, E.O., Bay\u0131r, \u0130., \u00d6zmen, \u00d6., and Aslan, \u0130. (2025). Nanoemulsion Hydrogel Delivery System of Hypericum perforatum L.: In Silico Design, In Vitro Antimicrobial\u2013Toxicological Profiling, and In Vivo Wound-Healing Evaluation. Gels, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11060431"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515003864","article-title":"Scientific Evidence for Health Effects Attributed to the Consumption of Probiotics and Prebiotics: An Update for Current Perspectives and Future Challenges","volume":"114","author":"Martinez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2023.115269","article-title":"Antioxidant Properties and Molecular Mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316: A Potential Probiotic Resource","volume":"187","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2106.06066","article-title":"Safety Assessment of Lactiplantibacillus (Formerly Lactobacillus) plantarum Q180","volume":"31","author":"Kwon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1163\/18762891-bja00093","article-title":"Safety Evaluation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum N13: Genomic, Phenotypic, and Toxicological Assessment for Probiotic Applications","volume":"17","author":"Qi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiu, Y., Lu, Y.-C., Ou, C., Lin, S.-L., Tsai, C.C., Huang, C.-T., and Lin, M. (2013). Lactobacillus plantarum MYL26 Induces Endotoxin Tolerance Phenotype in Caco-2 Cells. BMC Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-190"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"127","article-title":"Can Buttermilk (Ayran) with Its Postbiotic Content Be Used in the Protection of Colon Health?","volume":"9","author":"Genel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-09978-7","article-title":"Adhesion Mechanisms Mediated by Probiotics and Prebiotics and Their Potential Impact on Human Health","volume":"103","author":"Rastall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c17-00634","article-title":"Development of Probiotic Formulation for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia","volume":"66","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2020.0191","article-title":"Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (LP299V\u00ae): Three Decades of Research","volume":"12","author":"Teixeira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Villa, R.E., Azimonti, G., Bonos, E., Christensen, H., Durjava, M.F., Dusemund, B., Gehring, R., Glandorf, B., and Kouba, M. (2024). Safety and Efficacy of a Feed Additive Consisting of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NCIMB 30148 for All Animal Species (Genus Breeding Ltd.). EFSA J., 22, e9143.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2024.9143"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3746\/pnf.2015.20.3.190","article-title":"Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Crude Antifungal Compounds Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum HD1 in Rats","volume":"20","author":"Son","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev. Nutr. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4723","article-title":"Toxicological Safety Assessment of Heat-Treated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OLL2712 as a Food Ingredient","volume":"45","author":"Parente","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"2397847320931484","article-title":"Historical Control Data for Hematology Parameters Obtained from Toxicity Studies Performed on Different Wistar Rat Strains: Acceptable Value Ranges, Definition of Severity Degrees, and Vehicle Effects","volume":"4","author":"Weber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res. Appl."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28034-z","article-title":"Microbiome differential abundance methods produce different results across 38 datasets","volume":"13","author":"Nearing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mallick, H., Rahnavard, A., McIver, L.J., Ma, S., Zhang, Y., Nguyen, L.H., Tickle, T.L., Weingart, G., Ren, B., and Schwager, E.H. (2021). Multivariable association discovery in population-scale meta-omics studies. PLoS Comput. Biol., 17.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.01.20.427420"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15893","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94997-6","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibilities and comparative whole genome analysis of two isolates of the probiotic bacterium Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, strain ATCC 202195","volume":"11","author":"Pell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8084","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51864-y","article-title":"An expanded database and analytical toolkit for identifying bacterial virulence factors and their associations with chronic diseases","volume":"15","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/17\/2796\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T09:28:31Z","timestamp":1788168511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/17\/2796"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["nu18172796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu18172796","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}}}