{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T19:17:36Z","timestamp":1787944656608,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Obesity is a complex systemic condition driven by interactions between biological mechanisms and environmental factors. This retrospective, uncontrolled, completer study aimed to evaluate changes in body composition and long-term weight maintenance, as well as the impact of comorbidities, in adult patients undergoing personalised dietary and behavioural interventions. Methods: A retrospective analysis of outpatient medical records (2018\u20132024) was conducted. Of the 1416 patients analysed, 267 overweight or obese adults completed the active treatment phase and a one-year post-intervention follow-up period. The primary endpoints were absolute changes in body weight, BMI, and body fat mass (BFM), as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), as well as the maintenance of \u226510% weight loss after one year. The intervention consisted of a personalised diet based on a food-exchange system, combined with psychodietetic support. Results: Participants achieved a mean weight loss of 10.45 \u00b1 7.56 kg, which was associated with significant decreases in BMI and BFM. The average loss of fat-free mass and skeletal muscle mass was 1.72 \u00b1 2.20 kg and 1.11 \u00b1 1.36 kg, respectively. Weight maintenance, defined as maintaining a weight loss of at least 10% of baseline body weight after a one-year follow-up period, was achieved by 23.2% of participants who completed the study. Conclusions: Participants experienced significant reductions in body weight and body fat while preserving lean body mass to a moderate extent. However, long-term maintenance of weight loss was achieved by less than a quarter of participants after one year, highlighting the ongoing challenge of weight regain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18172814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:47:13Z","timestamp":1787849233000},"page":"2814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is Nutritional\u2013Behavioral Intervention Effective in the Fight Against Obesity?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1471-4584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Momora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Studies Centre, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1752-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Sa\u0142aci\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"},{"name":"University Centre for Research and Development in Health Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6174-4797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Soll\u00e1rov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0101-1030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Wi\u0119ch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"},{"name":"University Centre for Research and Development in Health Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"\u2018Globesity\u2019: The effects of globalization on obesity and calorie intake","volume":"81","author":"Mas","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Dev."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024). 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