{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:16:05Z","timestamp":1788412565757,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002643","name":"Kwangwoon University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2025-0264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-0264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002643","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2025-0264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-0264"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e9zc863","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD) may improve carbohydrate (CHO) availability during soccer-specific intermittent exercise via favorable gastrointestinal properties. Whether co-ingestion with whey protein confers additional ergogenic benefits beyond HBCD alone remains unclear. Methods: Nine male soccer players completed a single-blind, randomized crossover trial (\u22657-day washout) with three conditions, Placebo (water), CHO, and isocaloric HBCD plus whey protein isolate (CHOP), during a standardized, ~120-min laboratory-based soccer-specific intermittent exercise protocol (not an actual match). The 500-mL beverage, split into two 250-mL servings, was consumed before exercise and at half-time during the exercise protocol. Respiratory quotient (RQ), substrate oxidation, heart rate, RPE, digestive symptoms, running time, and distance were assessed, with condition effects tested via repeated-measures ANOVA at each cycle. Results: Compared with Placebo, CHO increased RQ (p = 0.042) and carbohydrate oxidation (p = 0.048) while reducing fat oxidation (p = 0.034) at the final cycle, reflecting greater late-exercise CHO utilization without improving endurance performance. Compared with Placebo, CHOP significantly improved both running time (p = 0.019) and running distance (p = 0.025), with no significant difference from CHO on either outcome. RPE was significantly lower in CHOP than in Placebo during the latter stage of exercise (p = 0.016). Conclusions: HBCD ingestion before exercise and at half-time promoted greater late-exercise CHO utilization without increasing cardiovascular or gastrointestinal strain. Co-ingestion of whey protein with HBCD provided ergogenic benefits over Placebo by improving fatigue-limited endurance performance, supporting isocaloric CHOP co-ingestion as a practical nutritional strategy for prolonged soccer-specific intermittent exercise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18172855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T03:19:26Z","timestamp":1788232766000},"page":"2855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Highly Branched Cyclic Dextrin-Based Carbohydrate and Protein Co-Ingestion on Endurance Capacity and Metabolic Response in Soccer Players: A Randomized Crossover Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ki-Tae","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Exercise Medicine and Science, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of 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