{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:17:20Z","timestamp":1788499040039,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: University students often report suboptimal dietary practices, but overall diet-quality scores may conceal differences in food-group consumption. This study explored whether distinguishable food-consumption profiles could be identified among university students from Chile, Mexico, Spain, and Italy, and examined, exploratorily, the characteristics associated with profile membership. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 686 university students completed a dietary assessment using nine component scores of the Healthy Eating Index adapted for the Spanish population (IASE). Profiles were derived by Ward\u2019s hierarchical clustering with k-means refinement and assessed for split-half stability; Exhaustive CHAID explored characteristics associated with profile membership. Results: Internal validity indices favoured no candidate solution (silhouette 0.113\u20130.126 across two- to five-cluster solutions), and split-half stability was limited throughout, including for the retained four-cluster solution (mean Adjusted Rand Index = 0.30). Four profiles were nonetheless retained: Healthy and Prudent (24.8%), Low Plant-Food (13.0%), Mixed Dietary (36.6%), and Protein-Oriented (25.7%); all occurred in every country. Country was the first CHAID split, followed by living arrangement (Chile\/Mexico), year of study (Spain), and post-pandemic PA change (Italy). The model did not outperform the majority-class baseline; the segmentation is therefore exploratory, not predictive. Conclusions: A four-cluster configuration could be derived in each setting, but validity and stability indices indicate it is not robust; country\/academic-programme\u2014confounded with institution\u2014was the only characteristic with a non-negligible, though modest, association with profile membership. Findings are hypothesis-generating and require replication in larger, representative, longitudinal samples before profiles are treated as an established typology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18172869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T07:53:11Z","timestamp":1788335591000},"page":"2869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Food-Consumption Profiles and Context-Specific Associations Among University Students: An Exploratory Multicountry Person-Centred Clustering and CHAID Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2118-0568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Moral-Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Did\u00e1ctica de la Expresi\u00f3n Musical, Pl\u00e1stica y Corporal, Centro de Ense\u00f1anza Superior Don Bosco, Mar\u00eda Auxiliadora 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4456-8450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivonne","family":"Vizcarra-Bordi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales (ICAR), Campus El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico, Toluca 50295, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1051-7420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Ben\u00edtez-Arciniega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico, Avenida Paseo Tollocan, Esquina Jes\u00fas Carranza S\/N, Colonia Universidad, Toluca 50180, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4505-0426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Ceballos-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico, Avenida Paseo Tollocan, Esquina Jes\u00fas Carranza S\/N, Colonia Universidad, Toluca 50180, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9114-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edna","family":"Garc\u00eda-Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico, Avenida Paseo Tollocan, Esquina Jes\u00fas Carranza S\/N, Colonia Universidad, Toluca 50180, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5012-9537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilda","family":"Vargas-Cancino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Estudios Sobre la Universidad (IESU), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico, Avenida Paseo Tollocan Poniente 1402, Puertas F1 y F2, Colonia Universidad, Toluca 50110, Estado de Mexico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0818-1099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Vel\u00e1zquez-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico, Avenida Paseo Tollocan, Esquina Jes\u00fas Carranza S\/N, Colonia Universidad, Toluca 50130, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3729-9793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Collado-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Estudios Sobre la Universidad (IESU), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico, Avenida Paseo Tollocan Poniente 1402, Puertas F1 y F2, Colonia Universidad, Toluca 50110, Estado de Mexico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0545-4218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Moctezuma-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales (ICAR), Campus El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico, Toluca 50295, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6714-3490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humberto","family":"Thom\u00e9-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales (ICAR), Campus El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico, Toluca 50295, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sogari, G., Velez-Argumedo, C., G\u00f3mez, M.I., and Mora, C. 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