{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:05:54Z","timestamp":1789103154602,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005297","name":"Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["B.SUB.26.207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.SUB.26.207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["B.SUB.26.207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.SUB.26.207"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00y4ya841","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Prediabetes is characterized by impaired glucose regulation and altered redox homeostasis, which may contribute to progression to type 2 diabetes. Polyphenol-rich foods may improve metabolic and redox balance. Methods: Fifty-four women aged 30\u201360 years with prediabetes were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) or control group (CG); 50 completed the 12-week study (25 per group). Both groups received Mediterranean diet recommendations. The IG additionally consumed 100 mL\/day of chokeberry juice, providing 457 mg GAE of total polyphenols and 9.7 mmol antioxidant capacity (FRAP), whereas the CG received no study product. Fasting plasma glucose (FG), HbA1c, 2 h plasma glucose (2h-PG), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. Between-group differences in individual changes were analyzed using the Mann\u2013Whitney U test with Benjamini\u2013Hochberg false discovery rate correction. The randomized substudy reported here was conducted within the broader single-group parent study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06435130), which enrolled a larger mixed-sex cohort; the present analysis concerns only the nested 12-week randomized comparison in women with prediabetes. Results: Compared with the CG, the IG showed greater reductions in FG, HbA1c, 2h-PG, TOS, and OSI and a greater increase in TAS. All between-group differences remained significant after FDR correction (adjusted p &lt; 0.001), with large Cliff\u2019s delta values. Conclusions: Adding 100 mL\/day of chokeberry juice to Mediterranean diet recommendations for 12 weeks was associated with modest but statistically significant improvements in glycemic and redox-related outcomes in women with prediabetes. The small sample, short follow-up, and lack of placebo control limit generalizability; larger, longer placebo-controlled trials are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18182948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:05:43Z","timestamp":1788941143000},"page":"2948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Chokeberry Juice Added to a Mediterranean-Style Diet on Glycemic Control and Redox Homeostasis in Women with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0410-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata El\u017cbieta","family":"Zujko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Ro\u017cniata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of \u0141om\u017ca, Akademicka 14, 18-400 \u0141om\u017ca, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"\u017bebrowska-Gamdzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of \u0141om\u017ca, Akademicka 14, 18-400 \u0141om\u017ca, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes (2026). 3. Prevention or Delay of Diabetes and Associated Comorbidities: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026. Diabetes Care, 49, S50\u2013S60.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc26-S003"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0230-3","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents","volume":"21","author":"Sies","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dini\u0107, S., Aramba\u0161i\u0107 Jovanovi\u0107, J., Uskokovi\u0107, A., Mihailovi\u0107, M., Grdovi\u0107, N., Toli\u0107, A., Raji\u0107, J., \u0110or\u0111evi\u0107, M., and Vidakovi\u0107, M. (2022). Oxidative stress-mediated beta cell death and dysfunction as a target for diabetes management. Front. Endocrinol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1006376"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veluthakal, R., Esparza, D., Hoolachan, J.M., Balakrishnan, R., Ahn, M., Oh, E., Jayasena, C.S., and Thurmond, D.C. (2024). Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inter-organ miscommunications in T2D progression. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031504"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-0014","article-title":"The diabetes prevention program and its outcomes study: NIDDK\u2019s journey into the prevention of type 2 diabetes and its public health impact","volume":"48","author":"Crandall","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zujko, M.E., Ro\u017cniata, M., and Zujko, K. (2021). Individual diet modification reduces the metabolic syndrome in patients before pharmacological treatment. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13062102"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2025.103919","article-title":"Mediterranean diet: Why a new pyramid? An updated representation of the traditional Mediterranean diet by the Italian Society of Human Nutrition (SINU)","volume":"35","author":"Sofi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahidi, F., and Danielski, R. (2024). Review on the role of polyphenols in preventing and treating type 2 diabetes: Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16183159"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saad, A.M., Mohammed, D.M., Alkafaas, S.S., Ghosh, S., Negm, S.H., Salem, H.M., Fahmy, M.A., Semary, H.E., Ibrahim, E.H., and AbuQamar, S.F. (2025). Dietary polyphenols and human health: Sources, biological activities, nutritional and immunological aspects, and bioavailability\u2014A comprehensive review. Front. Immunol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1653378"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martiniakova, M., Sarocka, A., Penzes, N., Biro, R., Kovacova, V., Mondockova, V., Sevcikova, A., Ciernikova, S., and Omelka, R. (2025). Protective role of dietary polyphenols in the management and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17020275"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Groven, S., Devillez, P., Scofield, R.H., Champion, A., Izuora, K., and Basu, A. (2025). Dietary strawberries improve serum antioxidant profiles in adults with prediabetes: A 28-Week randomized controlled crossover trial. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14101258"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes (2026). 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026. Diabetes Care, 49, S27\u2013S49.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc26-S002"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"47","article-title":"Mi\u0119dzynarodowy Kwestionariusz Aktywno\u015bci Fizycznej (IPAQ)\u2014Wersja Polska [International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)\u2014Polish Version]","volume":"51","author":"Biernat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wychow. Fiz. Sport [Phys. Educ. Sport]"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Szponar, L., Wolnicka, K., and Rychlik, E. (2000). Album Fotografii Produktow I Potraw [Album of Photographs of Food Products and Dishes], National Food and Nutrition Institute Press. (In Polish)."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bap024","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/bap024","article-title":"Phenol-Explorer: An online comprehensive database on polyphenol contents in foods","volume":"2010","author":"Neveu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Database"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-9-3","article-title":"The total antioxidant content of more than 3100 foods, beverages, spices, herbs and supplements used worldwide","volume":"9","author":"Carlsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olechno, E., Pu\u015bcion-Jakubik, A., Soroczy\u0144ska, J., Socha, K., Cyu\u0144czyk, M., and Zujko, M.E. (2023). Antioxidant properties of chokeberry products\u2014Assessment of the composition of juices and fibers. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12214029"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteagudo, C., Mariscal-Arcas, M., Rivas, A., Lorenzo-Tovar, M.L., Tur, J.A., and Olea-Serrano, F. (2015). Proposal of a Mediterranean diet serving score. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128594"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.04.015","article-title":"Strawberries improve insulin resistance and related cardiometabolic markers in adults with prediabetes: A randomized controlled crossover trial","volume":"155","author":"Basu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02379-x","article-title":"Anthocyanins regulate serum adipsin and visfatin in patients with prediabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"60","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3395","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S266751","article-title":"Effect of anthocyanins supplementation on serum IGFBP-4 fragments and glycemic control in patients with fasting hyperglycemia: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2026.101210","article-title":"Remission of impaired glucose tolerance by anthocyanin supplementation: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial","volume":"123","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chavanelle, V., Otero, Y.F., Fayat Cazaubiel, M., Bard, J.M., Pereira, B., Sapone, V., Bouchard-Mercier, A., Bargetto, M., Boisseau, N., and Guigas, B. (2026). Totum-63, a plant-based polyphenol-rich extract, in prediabetes or early-stage type 2 diabetes: An international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Nat. Commun., Epub ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-75626-0"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chamberlin, M.L., Peach, J.T., Wilson, S.M.G., Miller, Z.T., Bothner, B., Walk, S.T., Yeoman, C.J., and Miles, M.P. (2024). Polyphenol-rich Aronia melanocarpa fruit beneficially impact cholesterol, glucose, and serum and gut metabolites: A randomized clinical trial. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13172768"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, S., Kim, C.J., Ha, K.C., Baek, H.I., Yang, H.J., Kim, M.J., and Park, S.J. (2021). Efficacy and safety of aronia, red ginseng, shiitake mushroom, and nattokinase mixture on insulin resistance in prediabetic adults: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10071558"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christiansen, C.B., Jeppesen, P.B., Hermansen, K., and Gregersen, S. (2023). Aronia in the type 2 diabetes treatment regimen. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194188"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70139","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70139","article-title":"The effect of Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry) on body weight and fasting blood sugar: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Lohrasbi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2022.10.002","article-title":"A randomised placebo-controlled study of purified anthocyanins on cognition in individuals at increased risk for dementia","volume":"31","author":"Aarsland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.12.005","article-title":"Effect of premeal pistachio supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors among Asian Indian adults with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"155","author":"Ashwini","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.01.021","article-title":"Intake of pistachios as a nighttime snack has similar effects on short- and longer-term glycemic control compared with education to consume 1\u20132 carbohydrate exchanges in adults with prediabetes: A 12-wk randomized crossover trial","volume":"154","author":"Riley","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2025.07.006","article-title":"Hydroxytyrosol supplementation improves antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status in individuals with overweight and prediabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel trial","volume":"52","author":"Ramos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2016.1229760","article-title":"Effects of pomegranate juice consumption on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: A single-blind, randomized clinical trial","volume":"68","author":"Sohrab","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/18\/2948\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:12:59Z","timestamp":1789099979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/18\/2948"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["nu18182948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu18182948","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]}}}