{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:06:21Z","timestamp":1789103181958,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/018906e22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001828","name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001828","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/057w15z03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["09150172110034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09150172110034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05430052110007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05430052110007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["09150172110034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09150172110034"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01yaj9a77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["05430052110007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05430052110007"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01yaj9a77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003092","name":"Dutch Diabetes Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024.28.001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024.28.001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2024.28.001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024.28.001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04ch2g225","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC-2024-STG-101161004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2024-STG-101161004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["ERC-2024-STG-101161004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2024-STG-101161004"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Erasmus MC 2 Research Synergy Grant 2024"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/018906e22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Research Council","award":["ERC-2014-CoG-648916"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2014-CoG-648916"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council","award":["ERC-2025-Adv-10126594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2025-Adv-10126594"]}]},{"award":["ERC-2014-CoG-648916"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2014-CoG-648916"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0472cxd90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["ERC-2025-Adv-10126594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2025-Adv-10126594"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0472cxd90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Alcohol consumption is common among women and men of reproductive age. The effects of alcohol use in the preconception and early-pregnancy periods on early reproductive outcomes are not well-known. Methods: In a population-based cohort study from preconception onwards among 3225 women and their partners, we examined the associations of preconception and early-pregnancy alcohol consumption, assessed by questionnaires, with fecundability (per-cycle probability of conceiving), infertility (time to pregnancy &gt;12 months or use of assisted reproductive technology), and miscarriage (pregnancy loss before 22 weeks of gestation). Results: As compared to no alcohol consumption, preconception intake of &lt;1 glass\/week and \u22651 glass\/week among women was associated with lower odds of infertility (odds ratio (OR) 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39, 0.94 and OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.35, 0.84, respectively). As compared to no alcohol consumption, early-pregnancy alcohol consumption among women of &lt;1 glass\/week and \u22651 glass\/week was associated with increased odds of miscarriage (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.36, 2.92 and OR 2.37, 95%CI 1.58, 3.57). Early-pregnancy binge drinking among women was also associated with increased odds of miscarriage (OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.04, 2.24). Alcohol consumption among men was not associated with infertility or miscarriage risk. Conclusions: The associations of low-to-moderate preconception alcohol consumption with lower odds of infertility might reflect healthier lifestyles, socioeconomic factors, and residual confounding by health-related abstinence from alcohol, all of which are associated with greater fertility. Therefore, preconception and early-pregnancy counseling should mainly focus on the risk of miscarriage and fetal health outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18182953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:24:02Z","timestamp":1788945842000},"page":"2953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preconception and Early-Pregnancy Alcohol Consumption in Women and Men, Infertility and Risk for Miscarriage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8836-9324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morena","family":"Martinez Mayans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (Sp15-41), Sophia\u2019s Children\u2019s Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9479-0419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celine H. X.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (Sp15-41), Sophia\u2019s Children\u2019s Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6605-6645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline J.","family":"Boxem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (Sp15-41), Sophia\u2019s Children\u2019s Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Charlotte P.","family":"Van Brienen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (Sp15-41), Sophia\u2019s Children\u2019s Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Annemarie G. M. G. J.","family":"Mulders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sophia\u2019s Children\u2019s Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Romy","family":"Gaillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (Sp15-41), Sophia\u2019s Children\u2019s Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2939-0041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent W. V.","family":"Jaddoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (Sp15-41), Sophia\u2019s Children\u2019s Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O. 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