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Avenanthramides are oat-specific phenolic amides, and their contribution to metabolic responses to oat foods is difficult to attribute because beta-glucan and the wider oat matrix can affect the same endpoints. This narrative review examines their mechanisms, exposure biology, evidence attribution, and translational readiness. Methods: Cell, animal, pharmacokinetic, and human studies were organized by chemical definition and intervention format, including purified congeners, characterized foods, enriched matrices, and whole-oat products. Parent compounds, circulating metabolites, target tissues, and clinical outcomes were interpreted separately. Results: In cell and animal models, avenanthramides influence NF-\u03baB-related inflammation, redox regulation, hepatic insulin signaling, glucose production, fatty-acid metabolism, and intestinal ecology. Human studies demonstrate dietary exposure to parent compounds and metabolites, while clinical evidence comes mainly from small enriched-food exercise studies. Among the studies identified and appraised in this narrative review, none established an avenanthramide-specific effect on adiposity, liver fat, insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia, or other cardiometabolic outcomes. Conclusions: The current literature supports measurable exposure and candidate mechanisms; a validated anti-obesity effect requires targeted clinical trials. Next studies need stable, analytically defined preparations, metabolite-informed dose selection, matched food controls, and trials that link measured exposure with prespecified clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18183066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:50:03Z","timestamp":1789995003000},"page":"3066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Avenanthramides in Obesity-Related Metabolic Dysfunction: Mechanisms, Evidence Attribution, and Translational Priorities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Training, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Training, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biaoxu","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Training, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7731-2969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Training, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5283-3715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuning","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haojie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Training, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7867-6807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiatong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Journalism and Management, Henan Sport University, Zhengzhou 450044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0176-8","article-title":"Obesity: Global Epidemiology and Pathogenesis","volume":"15","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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