{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:13:19Z","timestamp":1789996399348,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Dietary habits in long-lived populations are often interpreted as determinants of exceptional longevity, although most evidence is based on ecological or cross-sectional studies. In this study we examined whether diet measured after extreme old age was reached was associated with subsequent survival among Sardinian Blue Zone residents aged 90 years or older. Methods: The cohort included 200 participants aged 90\u2013106 years who completed a qualitative food-frequency questionnaire covering 17 foods or food groups and were followed for up to seven years. A posteriori dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis with Varimax rotation. Associations with all-cause mortality were assessed through Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis and Cox models adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidity. Results: Four patterns were identified: dairy\u2013traditional fat, red-meat, chicken\u2013carbohydrate, and plant\u2013starchy food. Greater conformity to the dairy\u2013traditional-fat pattern was associated with lower mortality (HR per 1-SD increase, 0.839; 95% CI, 0.727\u20130.969, p = 0.017), although this pattern-level association did not meet the 5% false-discovery-rate (FDR) threshold (q = 0.066). The highest versus lowest tertile showed a similar association (HR, 0.682; 95% CI, 0.480\u20130.969). No other pattern was significantly associated with mortality. In secondary food-specific analyses, higher frequencies of milk, cheese, and chicken consumption were inversely associated with mortality, whereas wine consumption was positively associated with mortality; these four associations remained significant after FDR correction across the 17 foods examined. Conclusions: In adults aged 90 years or older, greater conformity to a dairy-based late-life dietary pattern was associated with longer subsequent survival, although the pattern-level association did not remain significant after FDR correction. These findings concern diet in extreme old age and should not be extrapolated to lifelong dietary factors influencing exceptional longevity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18183072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:50:03Z","timestamp":1789995003000},"page":"3072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Late-Life Dietary Patterns and Subsequent Survival Among Adults Aged 90 Years or Older in the Sardinian Blue Zone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9911-7270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Errigo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari,  Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3514-2984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgina","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, San Jos\u00e9 11501-2060, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7208-6040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Vindas-Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Pen\u00ednsula de Nicoya Zona Azul, San Jos\u00e9 11301, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3265-2823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Mario","family":"Pes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari,  Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Surugiu, R., Iancu, M.A., Vintilescu, S.B., Stepan, M.D., Burdusel, D., Genunche-Dumitrescu, A.V., Dogaru, C.A., and Dumitra, G.G. (2024). Molecular Mechanisms of Healthy Aging: The Role of Caloric Restriction, Intermittent Fasting, Mediterranean Diet, and Ketogenic Diet-A Scoping Review. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16172878"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dominguez, L.J., Veronese, N., Baiamonte, E., Guarrera, M., Parisi, A., Ruffolo, C., Tagliaferri, F., and Barbagallo, M. (2022). Healthy Aging and Dietary Patterns. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040889"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8","article-title":"Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"393","author":"Afshin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.020","article-title":"Promoting health and longevity through diet: From model organisms to humans","volume":"161","author":"Fontana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2022.06.004","article-title":"Diet and longevity in the Blue Zones: A set-and-forget issue?","volume":"164","author":"Pes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.06.016","article-title":"Identification of a geographic area characterized by extreme longevity in the Sardinia island: The AKEA study","volume":"39","author":"Poulain","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Willcox, B.J., Willcox, D.C., Ferrucci, L., and Suzuki, M. (2014). Centenarians and Healthy Aging in Okinawa, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Pes, G.M. (1999, January 9). The Sardinian Centenarian Study. Proceedings of the Research Workshop on \u201cGenes, Genealogy and Longevity\u201d, Montpellier, France."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679187","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/679187","article-title":"Sociodemographic and lifestyle statistics of oldest old people (>80 years) living in ikaria island: The ikaria study","volume":"2011","author":"Panagiotakos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.0.0011","article-title":"The exceptionally high life expectancy of Costa Rican nonagenarians","volume":"45","year":"2008","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102733","article-title":"Dietary polyphenols as geroprotective compounds: From Blue Zones to hallmarks of ageing","volume":"108","author":"Davinelli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"53","article-title":"Dietary habits and lifestyle among long-lived residents from the Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica","volume":"3","author":"Campos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Hispanoam. Cienc. Salud"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nieddu, A., Vindas, L., Errigo, A., Vindas, J., Pes, G.M., and Dore, M.P. (2020). Dietary Habits, Anthropometric Features and Daily Performance in Two Independent Long-Lived Populations from Nicoya peninsula (Costa Rica) and Ogliastra (Sardinia). Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061621"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pes, G.M., Poulain, M., Errigo, A., and Dore, M.P. (2021). Evolution of the Dietary Patterns Across Nutrition Transition in the Sardinian Longevity Blue Zone and Association with Health Indicators in the Oldest Old. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051495"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2011.05.004","article-title":"Lifestyle and nutrition related to male longevity in Sardinia: An ecological study","volume":"23","author":"Pes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz-Narvaez, E.A., Baylin, A., Azofeifa, J., Leal, A., and Rosero-Bixby, L. (2021). Diet and Leukocyte Telomere Length in a Population with Extended Longevity: The Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES). Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082585"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1396.037","article-title":"Caloric restriction, the traditional Okinawan diet, and healthy aging: The diet of the world\u2019s longest-lived people and its potential impact on morbidity and life span","volume":"1114","author":"Willcox","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500S","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2009.10718117","article-title":"The Okinawan diet: Health implications of a low-calorie, nutrient-dense, antioxidant-rich dietary pattern low in glycemic load","volume":"28","author":"Willcox","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1994.tb01460.x","article-title":"The nutrition transition in low-income countries: An emerging crisis","volume":"52","author":"Popkin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2018.01.014","article-title":"Consistency and Generalizability of Dietary Patterns in a Multiethnic Working Population","volume":"118","author":"Eng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(95)90069-1","article-title":"Gene-diet interaction in determining plasma lipid response to dietary intervention","volume":"118","author":"Ordovas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451400289X","article-title":"Associations of dietary patterns with the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"113","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.49.133","article-title":"Dietary patterns and further survival in Japanese centenarians","volume":"49","author":"Shimizu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.230","article-title":"Male longevity in Sardinia, a review of historical sources supporting a causal link with dietary factors","volume":"69","author":"Pes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin-Pelaez, S., Fito, M., and Castaner, O. (2020). Mediterranean Diet Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Prevention, Disease Progression, and Related Mechanisms. A Review. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082236"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mentella, M.C., Scaldaferri, F., Ricci, C., Gasbarrini, A., and Miggiano, G.A.D. (2019). Cancer and Mediterranean Diet: A Review. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092059"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/00008469-200410000-00014","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and longevity","volume":"13","author":"Trichopoulou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S205","DOI":"10.1079\/096582197388554","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and longevity","volume":"84","author":"Trichopoulou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1582-0","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"58","author":"Rosato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-3010.2008.00731.x","article-title":"A-priori versus a-posteriori methods in dietary pattern analysis: A review in nutrition epidemiology","volume":"33","author":"Panagiotakos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02545-9","article-title":"Advances in dietary pattern analysis in nutritional epidemiology","volume":"60","author":"Schulz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-021-00692-7","article-title":"A review of statistical methods for dietary pattern analysis","volume":"20","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"211","article-title":"Survival beyond age 70 in relation to diet","volume":"54","author":"Burema","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wingrove, K., Lawrence, M.A., and McNaughton, S.A. (2022). A Systematic Review of the Methods Used to Assess and Report Dietary Patterns. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.892351"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2018.2129","article-title":"Sociodemographic, Clinical and Functional Profile of Nonagenarians from Two Areas of Sardinia Characterized by Distinct Longevity Levels","volume":"23","author":"Pes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2023.2198115","article-title":"Is a plant-based diet effective to maintain a good psycho-affective status in old age? Results of a survey of a long-lived population from Sardinia","volume":"27","author":"Marche","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1968.tb02103.x","article-title":"Cumulative illness rating scale","volume":"16","author":"Linn","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03060120024016","article-title":"Studies of Illness in the Aged. The Index of Adl: A Standardized Measure of Biological and Psychosocial Function","volume":"185","author":"Katz","year":"1963","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Norton, K., Whittingham, N., Carter, L., Kerr, D., Gore, C., and Marfell-Jones, M. (1996). Measurement techniques in anthropometry. Anthropometrica: A Textbook of Body Measurement for Sports and Health Courses, University of New South Wales Press."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602789","article-title":"Adjusting for energy intake in dietary pattern investigations using principal components analysis","volume":"62","author":"Northstone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291817","article-title":"A second generation little jiffy","volume":"35","author":"Kaiser","year":"1970","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1954.tb00174.x","article-title":"A note on the multiplying factors for various \u03c72 approximations","volume":"16","author":"Bartlett","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Methodol.)"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy105","article-title":"Effect of Milk and Other Dairy Products on the Risk of Frailty, Sarcopenia, and Cognitive Performance Decline in the Elderly: A Systematic Review","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Floris, G., and Sanna, E. (1998). Appunti sull\u2019attivit\u00e0 quotidiana del pastore sardo. L\u2019uomo in Sardegna, Zonza Editori."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbondio, M., Palomba, A., Serra, M., Fraumene, C., Di Meo, C., Marongiu, F., Sau, R., Pagnozzi, D., Laconi, E., and Tanca, A. (2025). Consumption of traditional Sardinian fermented milk promotes changes in the rat gut microbiota composition and functions. BMC Microbiol., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04333-5"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.021","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: A position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group","volume":"14","author":"Bauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1975092","article-title":"Association of poultry consumption with cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: A systematic review and dose response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"63","author":"Papp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9821","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-015-9821-x","article-title":"Mechanisms of the anorexia of aging\u2014A review","volume":"37","author":"Wysokinski","year":"2015","journal-title":"AGE"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38415.644155.8F","article-title":"Modified Mediterranean diet and survival: EPIC-elderly prospective cohort study","volume":"330","author":"Trichopoulou","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114518002179","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and mortality in the elderly: A prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis","volume":"120","author":"Bonaccio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507704981","article-title":"A dietary pattern rich in olive oil and raw vegetables is associated with lower mortality in Italian elderly subjects","volume":"98","author":"Masala","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Errigo, A., Dore, M.P., Portoghese, M., and Pes, G.M. (2025). The Cholesterol Paradox in Long-Livers from a Sardinia Longevity Hot Spot (Blue Zone). Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17050765"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2025.100428","article-title":"Prognostic and Associative Significance of Malnutrition in Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"16","author":"Prokopidis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/444566a","article-title":"Oenology: Red wine procyanidins and vascular health","volume":"444","author":"Corder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2424495","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.24495","article-title":"Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Mortality Among Older Adults With Health-Related or Socioeconomic Risk Factors","volume":"7","author":"Galan","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e236185","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.6185","article-title":"Association Between Daily Alcohol Intake and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.25-00435","article-title":"Alcohol Intake and Health Study: No Protective Effect at Low Levels, With Mortality Increasing to 1 in 25 at 14 Drinks Per Week","volume":"87","author":"George","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (2026, July 06). No Level of Alcohol Consumption Is Safe for Our Health. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/news-room\/04-01-2023-no-level-of-alcohol-consumption-is-safe-for-our-health?."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/18\/3072\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:59:23Z","timestamp":1789995563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/18\/3072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["nu18183072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu18183072","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]}}}