{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:12:22Z","timestamp":1792789942856,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32460564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32460564"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32460564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32460564"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hainan Tropical Ocean University","award":["RHDRC202314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RHDRC202314"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y5fjx51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Hainan Tropical Ocean University","award":["RHDRCZK202621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RHDRCZK202621"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y5fjx51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["RHDRC202314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RHDRC202314"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y5fjx51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RHDRCZK202621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RHDRCZK202621"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01y5fjx51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The fish head contains a large number of bioactive lipids for preparing functional foods. In this study, we analyzed the fatty acid components and molecular species of tilapia head phospholipids (TH-PL), and investigated the preventive effect of them on metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: Twenty-three fatty acids were identified in TH-PL, and the percentage of n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA was high, occupying 48.21% of total fatty acids. And sixty-two phospholipids (PL) molecular species belonging to seven types of PL were identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The contents of the various types of TH-PL were generally in the order PC &gt; PE &gt; SM &gt; PS &gt; LPC &gt; PI &gt; LPE. Among them, PC (16:0\/18:1), PE (P-16:0\/22:4), PS (18:0\/22:5), LPC (16:0), PI (16:0\/20:4), LPE (18:0), and SM (d16:0\/18:1) were the major molecular species of TH-PL. Moreover, animal experiments were conducted to evaluate the preventive effect of TH-PL on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MS mice. Results: Animal experiments revealed that TH-PL could significantly inhibit obesity, improve insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MS mice. Intake of TH-PL could also block lipid synthesis in the liver by modulating the expression of lipogenesis-related genes and proteins, such as up-regulation of AMPK and down-regulation of PPAR\u03b3, SREBP-1c, and FAS. In addition, TH-PL could relieve MS directly and indirectly by counteracting gut microbiota disturbance caused by HFD. Conclusions: These data suggested that it may be a good choice to develop new functional foods containing TH-PL for dietary intervention in MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18183076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:50:03Z","timestamp":1789995003000},"page":"3076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fatty Acid Composition, Molecular Species, and Ameliorating Effects of Tilapia Head Phospholipids on High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xia","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan Tropic Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5587-0017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangzhou","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan Tropic Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuxin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan Tropic Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanri","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan Tropic Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China"},{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4501","article-title":"Trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States, 2011\u20132016","volume":"323","author":"Hirode","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA J. 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