{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:05:28Z","timestamp":1790139928043,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mahidol University","award":["#34, 2018\u20132022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#34, 2018\u20132022"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znkr924","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["#34, 2018\u20132022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#34, 2018\u20132022"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01znkr924","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Foundation"},{"name":"EKFS, LMU Medical Faculty and LMU University Hospitals","award":["2020_EKSP.119, 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020_EKSP.119, 2020"]}]},{"name":"EKFS","award":["2022_EKSP.51"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022_EKSP.51"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03zcxha54","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"German Center for Child and Adolescent Health","award":["01GL2406A, 2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GL2406A, 2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: As birth weight is related to later obesity risk, its associations with maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and leptin values in serum during pregnancy are of interest for obesity prevention. This study aimed to describe the association of leptin levels in maternal circulation and cord blood as well as pre-pregnancy BMI (pBMI) with infant anthropometry at birth and until the age of four months. Methods: Data on maternal pBMI, at delivery and four months after birth, and on infant weight and length at delivery and at age four months were collected in an observational study in Bangkok, Thailand. In a subgroup of 38 mother\u2013infant dyads, leptin was measured in maternal blood serum at delivery and infant age 4 months and in cord and infant serum at 4 months. Associations were tested with correlation and multiple linear regression analyses in this explorative study. Results: The maternal serum leptin was 32.4 \u00b1 17.8 ng\/mL at delivery and 11.1 \u00b1 8.9 ng\/mL at four months (p &lt; 0.001 for difference) and correlated (r = 0.45). Cord serum leptin was significantly higher in female than male infants (17.5 \u00b1 9.8 ng\/mL vs. 7.7 \u00b1 4.9 ng\/mL, p &lt; 0.05) and not related to infant leptin at age four months. There was no significant association between maternal and cord serum leptin levels. Birth weight was strongly associated with pBMI (standardized \u03b2 = 0.77, p &lt; 0.001) and inversely related to maternal delivery leptin levels (standardized \u03b2 = \u22120.44, p = 0.008), while the association with cord serum leptin was not significant. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that pBMI is strongly related to birth weight, while higher maternal leptin concentrations were independently associated with lower birth weight after accounting for pBMI. Cord serum leptin did not significantly correlate with maternal leptin levels and only tended to be positively associated with birth weight.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18183105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:06:51Z","timestamp":1790006811000},"page":"3105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations Between Maternal and Cord Blood Leptin Levels and Anthropometry of Mothers and Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7812-5178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Demmelmair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians Universit\u00e4t Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Bruder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"},{"name":"EKFZ-Else Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"},{"name":"ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Sultan Nilay","family":"Can","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians Universit\u00e4t Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0873-9358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeannie","family":"Horak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians Universit\u00e4t Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4502-6664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Klingenspor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"},{"name":"EKFZ-Else Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"},{"name":"ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6527-645X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oraporn","family":"Dumrongwongsiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5345-7165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berthold","family":"Koletzko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians Universit\u00e4t Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department Pediatrics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.1576","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"178","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"NCD-Risk-factor-Collaboration (2024). 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