{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:02:22Z","timestamp":1790240542851,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development\u2014CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312114\/2025-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312114\/2025-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development\u2014CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["407525\/2023-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["407525\/2023-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["312114\/2025-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312114\/2025-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["407525\/2023-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["407525\/2023-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education","award":["88881.083661\/2024-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88881.083661\/2024-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["88881.083661\/2024-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88881.083661\/2024-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"INCT\/Excitotoxicity and Neuroprotection","award":["408446\/2024-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408446\/2024-2"]}]},{"award":["408446\/2024-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408446\/2024-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/045ydbe97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. This study investigated the association between vitamin D status and depressive symptom burden in adults undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 91 patients treated at a university hospital in southern Brazil. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), analyzed as a continuous outcome. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured by chemiluminescence, and deficiency was defined as &lt;20 ng\/mL. Linear regression with HC3 robust standard errors was used, adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, antidepressant or anxiolytic use, and vitamin D supplementation. Results: Serum 25(OH)D was available for 90 participants, of whom 19 (21.1%) were vitamin D deficient. Mean BDI-II scores were higher in deficient than non-deficient participants (18.4 \u00b1 12.0 vs. 12.4 \u00b1 9.0). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with a 6.00-point higher BDI-II score in the crude model (95% CI 0.07\u201311.94; p = 0.047) and a 5.05-point higher score after adjustment (95% CI 0.02\u201310.07; p = 0.049). In an extended model including sun exposure, hemodialysis duration, and social support, the estimated difference remained similar (\u03b2 = 4.69; 95% CI \u22120.16\u20139.55; p = 0.058), although precision remained limited across the sensitivity analyses. The estimate was attenuated after adjustment for sleep quality, and no linear association was observed when 25(OH)D was modeled continuously. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was associated with greater depressive symptom burden. However, the association was imprecise, attenuated after sleep adjustment, and absent when 25(OH)D was modeled continuously; causality cannot be established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18193141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:06:37Z","timestamp":1790237197000},"page":"3141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin D Status and Depressive Symptoms in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Nathalia Passos","family":"Moura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Gon\u00e7alves Chaves Street, 373, Room 324C, Pelotas 96015-560, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Djiovana","family":"Zanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Gon\u00e7alves Chaves Street, 373, Room 324C, Pelotas 96015-560, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Larissa David","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Gon\u00e7alves Chaves Street, 373, Room 324C, Pelotas 96015-560, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Myrella Rosales","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Gon\u00e7alves Chaves Street, 373, Room 324C, Pelotas 96015-560, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Caroline Helen Santos Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Mazala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Gon\u00e7alves Chaves Street, 373, Room 324C, Pelotas 96015-560, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9620-754X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduarda Neutzling","family":"Drawanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Gon\u00e7alves Chaves Street, 373, Room 324C, Pelotas 96015-560, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9995-0732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Falson","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Gon\u00e7alves Chaves Street, 373, Room 324C, Pelotas 96015-560, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9671-0573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabela Thurow","family":"Lemes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8611-4890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Quincozes-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 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UOEH"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/19\/3141\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:16:16Z","timestamp":1790237776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/19\/3141"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["nu18193141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu18193141","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]}}}