{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:08:31Z","timestamp":1792789711221,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dairy Management","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00v3tjq70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00v3tjq70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01DK139028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK139028"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["K23DK114460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK114460"]}]},{"award":["R01DK139028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK139028"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["K23DK114460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK114460"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Mayo Clinic Benefactors","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qp3tb03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qp3tb03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: A 12-week trial demonstrated that phenotype-tailored lifestyle intervention (PLI) was associated with greater weight loss than standard lifestyle intervention (SLI); however, differences in dietary patterns between groups were not examined. Methods: This secondary analysis evaluated caloric and macronutrient intake at 12 weeks in adults with obesity (BMI \u2265 30 kg\/m2), classified into four energy-balance phenotypes (abnormal satiation, reduced postprandial satiety, low energy expenditure, emotional eating) (n = 77) who underwent PLI or SLI. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h recalls and verified by a blinded registered dietitian. Results: Groups were compared at 12 weeks adjusting for baseline values. PLI was associated with lower total energy intake than SLI (1273 \u00b1 182 vs. 1894 \u00b1 176 kcal\/day; p = 0.018), due to lower carbohydrate (464 \u00b1 76 vs. 818 \u00b1 73 kcal\/day; p = 0.002) and fat intake (479 \u00b1 76 vs. 697 \u00b1 73 kcal\/day; p = 0.036); absolute protein intake did not differ. However, protein comprised a greater proportion of energy intake in PLI (26.8 \u00b1 1.6%) than SLI (19.8 \u00b1 1.5%; p = 0.003), and dairy protein contributed more to total energy in PLI (6.8 \u00b1 0.8% vs. 3.7 \u00b1 0.7%; p = 0.004). Conclusions: PLI was associated with lower energy intake, mainly due to reduced carbohydrate and fat intake, and a higher relative contribution of protein, consistent with phenotype-based recommendations rather than macronutrient prescriptions. These findings suggest a potential role for personalized dietary approaches in obesity management. However, the non-randomized design does not allow causal inferences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18193159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T08:09:02Z","timestamp":1790323742000},"page":"3159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of a Phenotype-Tailored Lifestyle Intervention on Caloric Intake and Macronutrient Composition in Adults with Obesity: A Secondary Analysis of the PHENO-Diet Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2018-4734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Antonia","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, 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Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7865-2947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lizeth","family":"Cifuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2906-1574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Fredrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1829-7001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Anazco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Sima","family":"Fansa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6472-7514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Camilleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2322-7334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria D.","family":"Hurtado Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3887-4419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of 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