{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:12:22Z","timestamp":1792789942646,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002632","name":"Hallym University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HURF-2023-36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HURF-2023-36"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["HURF-2023-36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HURF-2023-36"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03sbhge02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["RS-2023-00210820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00210820"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["RS-2023-00210820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00210820"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Malnutrition is a modifiable risk factor for late-life cognitive decline, but whether its cognitive correlates vary by genetic risk is unclear. We examined whether the apolipoprotein E \u03b54 allele (APOE4) modifies associations of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and its subscales with global cognition. Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis of 196 non-demented older Korean adults from the General Lifestyle and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (GLAD) cohort, multiple linear regression tested associations of MNA total (MNA-T), screening (MNA-S), and assessment (MNA-A) scores with the CERAD total score (TS), including MNA \u00d7 APOE4 interactions. Exploratory analyses examined one representative item per a priori nutritional domain. Results: After adjustment, MNA-T (p = 0.006) and MNA-A (p = 0.003), but not MNA-S (p = 0.065), were associated with TS. APOE4 carrier status modified these associations (interaction p = 0.005 and 0.007, respectively); associations were evident in non-carriers but not in carriers, an underpowered subgroup (n = 40). Among the domain-representative items, only self-rated health survived Bonferroni correction (p = 0.006); protein intake (p = 0.025) and calf circumference (p = 0.043) showed nominal associations only. Conclusions: Better nutritional status was associated with better global cognition, predominantly in APOE4 non-carriers. These hypothesis-generating findings require confirmation in larger longitudinal and interventional studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18193217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:09:25Z","timestamp":1790683765000},"page":"3217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutritional Status and Cognition in Older Adults: Modification by Apolipoprotein E \u03b54"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Young Min","family":"Choe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7 Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong 18450, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7040-7397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7 Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong 18450, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8280-3963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Ji","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7 Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong 18450, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Boung Chul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Guk-Hee","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7 Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong 18450, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8196-655X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin Gyeom","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7026-6715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7 Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong 18450, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0528-3305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaeuk","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Seoul, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Dahyun","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9570-4216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jee Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7 Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong 18450, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01296-0","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing 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