{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:08:31Z","timestamp":1792789711232,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hohhot Basic Research and Applied Basic Research Program Projects","award":["202601075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202601075"]}]},{"name":"National Fine-Wool Goat Industry Technology System Project","award":["CARS-39-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-39-11"]}]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region \u201cEnlightened Talents for the Development of Inner Mongolia\u201d, Project","award":["2025TEL18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025TEL18"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding and Product Quality Regulation of Herbivorous Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ckt8b96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ckt8b96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition Science, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Industrial Technology Engineering Center for Product Quality Regulation of Livestock Products"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Microplastics can cause intestinal flora imbalance and testicular damage. Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch polysaccharide (ASKP) is a plant-derived polysaccharide with antioxidant activity and immunomodulatory properties, but the protective effects of ASKP against polyethylene-microplastic-induced intestinal and testicular injury remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of ASKP on intestinal and testicular damage in male mice induced by polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs). Methods: Sixty male ICR mice were randomly assigned to five groups: untreated mice (control group, CON); PE-MP-only-treated mice (MP group); and PE-MP-exposed mice orally administered with a crude ASKP preparation at 150, 300, and 450 mg\/kg BW (LAM, MAM, and HAM groups, respectively) for 60 days. Results: PE-MP exposure reduced the average daily gain, jejunal villus height, and serum testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels while increasing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress levels. However, ASKP supplementation, particularly at 300 mg\/kg, partially restored growth performance, intestinal villus morphology, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, sex hormone concentrations and seminiferous tubule diameter. Gut microflora analysis showed that crude ASKP preparation increased the Anaerotruncus, Mucispirillum and Candidatus Arthromitus abundances while reducing Desulfovibrio abundance. Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant associations between these microbial taxa and inflammatory\/oxidative stress markers. Conclusions: Crude ASKP preparation mitigates PE-MP-induced toxicity in male mice by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation levels and improving gut microbiota composition and reproductive hormone levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18193224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:33:12Z","timestamp":1790699592000},"page":"3224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protective Effects of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch Polysaccharide Against Polyethylene-Microplastic-Induced Intestinal and Testicular Injury in Male Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Grass-Feeding Livestock Healthy Breeding and Livestock Product Quality Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition Science, Hohhot 010031, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Industrial Technology Engineering Center for Product Quality Regulation of Livestock Products, Hohhot 010031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Grass-Feeding Livestock Healthy Breeding and Livestock Product Quality Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition Science, Hohhot 010031, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Industrial Technology Engineering Center for Product Quality Regulation of Livestock Products, Hohhot 010031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1017-6872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunhua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Grass-Feeding Livestock Healthy Breeding and Livestock Product Quality Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition Science, Hohhot 010031, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Industrial Technology Engineering Center for Product Quality Regulation of Livestock Products, Hohhot 010031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Grass-Feeding Livestock Healthy Breeding and Livestock Product Quality Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition Science, Hohhot 010031, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Industrial Technology Engineering Center for Product Quality Regulation of Livestock Products, Hohhot 010031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Haizhou","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Grass-Feeding Livestock Healthy Breeding and Livestock Product Quality Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition Science, Hohhot 010031, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Industrial Technology Engineering Center for Product Quality Regulation of Livestock Products, Hohhot 010031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169436","article-title":"Waste to energy: Trending key challenges and current technologies in waste plastic management","volume":"913","author":"Vuppaladadiyam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. 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