{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:47:08Z","timestamp":1791953228308,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002509","name":"Keimyung University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20230648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20230648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002509","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["20230648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20230648"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00tjv0s33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Hyperglycemia can compromise anticancer treatment, leading to treatment delay or discontinuation. Identifying factors associated with hyperglycemia is therefore important. We aimed to examine associations between hyperglycemia and dietary patterns, food-group and nutrient intakes, and clinical and behavioral factors in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: This cross-sectional survey assessed 176 patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy at a university hospital in South Korea. Data were collected from April 2024 to March 2025 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square or Fisher\u2019s exact tests, t-tests or Mann\u2013Whitney U tests, and logistic regression. Results: Hyperglycemia was observed in 26.7% of participants. In adjusted analyses, the Korean side-dish dietary pattern (odds ratio [OR] = 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14\u20130.65, per 1 standard deviation increase in the pattern score), higher physical activity (highly active: OR = 0.06, 95% CI 0.01\u20130.31, active: OR = 0.13, 95% CI 0.04\u20130.40), and higher serum albumin levels (OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.03\u20130.89) were associated with lower odds of hyperglycemia. Higher intakes of oils\/fats, vegetables, eggs, and seaweed were associated with lower odds, whereas higher grain intake was associated with higher odds. All these associations remained significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Because no individual nutrient remained significantly associated with hyperglycemia after FDR correction, nutrient-level findings were considered exploratory. Conclusions: Hyperglycemia was associated with the Korean side-dish dietary pattern, several food-group intakes, physical activity, and serum albumin. Given the observational design, these findings indicate associations rather than causal effects and warrant confirmation in prospective studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18193249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:43:24Z","timestamp":1790880204000},"page":"3249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of Dietary Patterns, Daily Nutrient Intakes, and Food-Group Intakes with Hyperglycemia in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Kyung Hee","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9404-8408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiyeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Korea Central Cancer Registry (2026). Annual Report of Cancer Statistics in Korea in 2023."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Yarbro, C.H., Wujcik, D., and Gobel, B.H. (2014). Cancer Symptom Management, Jones and Bartlett Publishers."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.4048\/jbc.2020.23.e44","article-title":"Hyperglycemia During Adjuvant Chemotherapy as a Prognostic Factor in Breast Cancer Patients Without Diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Ahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahin, D., Lavasani, S.M., Cristobal, L., Tank Patel, N., Sedrak, M., Stewart, D., Waisman, J., Yuan, Y., Yu, W., and Samoa, R. (2023). Hyperglycemia and Glycemic Variability Associated with Glucocorticoids in Women Without Pre-existing Diabetes Undergoing Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Taxane Chemotherapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051906"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0519","article-title":"Hyperglycemia Associated with Targeted Oncologic Treatment: Mechanisms and Management","volume":"21","author":"Goldman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v12.i7.1010","article-title":"Current Cancer Therapies and Their Influence on Glucose Control","volume":"12","author":"Yim","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.2337\/db24-0419","article-title":"Cisplatin Exposure Dysregulates Insulin Secretion in Male and Female Mice","volume":"74","author":"Basu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapoor, M., Kapoor, A., and Kant, R. (2026). Diabetes Mellitus and Oncology: A Comprehensive Review. Indian J. Med. Paediatr. Oncol., advance online publication.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0046-1820120"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"114","article-title":"Impact of Diabetes (Type 2) and Glycemic Control on Health-Related Outcomes of Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Non-metastatic Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis","volume":"31","author":"Phillips","year":"2023","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-026-10040-x","article-title":"Diabetes and Cancer: Glucose Control Impact on Survival and Tumor Outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Ruggeri","year":"2026","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reedy, J., Subar, A.F., George, S.M., and Krebs-Smith, S.M. (2018). Extending Methods in Dietary Patterns Research. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050571"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2024.1951","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-Induced Hyperglycemia: A Neglected Problem","volume":"39","author":"Cho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14636","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14636","article-title":"A Guideline for the Outpatient Management of Glycaemic Control in People with Cancer","volume":"39","author":"Chambers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Hong, S.H. (2006). Effects of Exercise on Glycemic Control in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Kyung Hee University]."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"McArdle, W.D., Katch, F.I., and Katch, V.L. (2004). Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Kim, J.H. (2011). Association Between Total Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Inha University]."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980014001712","article-title":"Reproducibility and Validity of an FFQ Developed for the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S.A., Choi, H.-K., Park, S.-J., and Lee, H.-J. (2023). Development and Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Evaluating the Nutritional Status of Patients with Cancer. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15041009"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2022.16.6.789","article-title":"Validity and Reproducibility of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Breast Cancer Survivors in Korea","volume":"16","author":"Moon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (2021). Korean Food Composition Table, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences. [10th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2023.2197124","article-title":"Insulin Resistance in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Carlsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giuntini, E.B., Sard\u00e1, F.A.H., and De Menezes, E.W. (2022). The Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibers on Glycemic Response: An Overview and Future Perspectives. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11233934"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v14.i5.447","article-title":"Inter-relationships Between Gastric Emptying and Glycaemia: Implications for Clinical Practice","volume":"14","author":"Chapman","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2644","article-title":"Effects of Fat on Gastric Emptying of and the Glycemic, Insulin, and Incretin Responses to a Carbohydrate Meal in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"91","author":"Gentilcore","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-9-37","article-title":"Meju, Unsalted Soybeans Fermented with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae, Potentiates Insulinotropic Actions and Improves Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity in Diabetic Rats","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeong, S.-J., Yang, H.-J., Yang, H.G., Ryu, M.S., Ha, G., Jeong, D.Y., and Park, S. (2023). Inverse Association of Daily Fermented Soybean Paste (\u201cJang\u201d) Intake with Metabolic Syndrome Risk, Especially Body Fat and Hypertension, in Men of a Large Hospital-Based Cohort. Front. Nutr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1122945"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1068","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae333","article-title":"Associations of Vegetable and Potato Intakes with Markers of Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the AusDiab Cohort","volume":"110","author":"Pokharel","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-2335","article-title":"White Rice Intake and Incident Diabetes: A Study of 132,373 Participants in 21 Countries","volume":"43","author":"Bhavadharini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, H., Ding, J., Liang, J., and Zhang, Y. (2021). Associations of Whole Grain and Refined Grain Consumption with Metabolic Syndrome. A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.695620"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m2206","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2206","article-title":"Intake of Whole Grain Foods and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results from Three Prospective Cohort Studies","volume":"370","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ragni, M., Fornelli, C., Nisoli, E., and Penna, F. (2022). Amino Acids in Cancer and Cachexia: An Integrated View. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14225691"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.03.020","article-title":"The Many Actions of Insulin in Skeletal Muscle, the Paramount Tissue Determining Glycemia","volume":"33","author":"Sylow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111008","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v16.i11.111008","article-title":"Effects of Tailored Exercise on Glycemic and Nutritional Outcomes in Diabetic Patients with Colorectal Cancer and on Chemotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Korean Diabetes Association (2019). Treatment Guideline for Diabetes, Korean Diabetes Association. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes (2026). Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-Being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026. Diabetes Care, 49, S89\u2013S131.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc26-S005"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2023.101472","article-title":"Serum Albumin and Risk of Incident Diabetes and Diabetic Microvascular Complications in the UK Biobank Cohort","volume":"49","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stan, M.C., Georgescu, D., Mire\u0219tean, C.C., and B\u0103dulescu, F. (2023). Cancer and Diabetes: Predictive Factors in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Diagnostics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13162647"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez, P., Lozano, P., Ros, G., and Solano, F. (2023). Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Stress: An Integral, Updated and Critical Overview of Their Metabolic Interconnections. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119352"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellegrini, V., La Grotta, R., Carreras, F., Giuliani, A., Sabbatinelli, J., Olivieri, F., Berra, C.C., Ceriello, A., and Prattichizzo, F. (2024). Inflammatory Trajectory of Type 2 Diabetes: Novel Opportunities for Early and Late Treatment. Cells, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13191662"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-024-01557-9","article-title":"Serum Albumin as a Biomarker of (Nutritional Status in) Sarcopenia","volume":"43","author":"Kara","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Metab."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/19\/3249\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:11:04Z","timestamp":1791951064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/18\/19\/3249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["nu18193249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu18193249","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}}}