{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:58:53Z","timestamp":1791197933710,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Post-exercise protein ingestion is widely used to promote recovery from exercise, but whether exercise-induced dehydration limits the subsequent protein supplementation response remains unclear. This study examined the effects of different hydration strategies during exercise on post-exercise whey protein supplementation. Methods: Thirteen healthy young men completed three partially crossover trials designed to produce approximately 2% (DEH: a dehydration trial without fluid replacement), 1% (EUH_50%: a 50% fluid-replacement trial), and 0% (EUH: a euhydration trial with 100% fluid replacement) body mass loss. Within 5 min after each exercise, participants ingested 45 g of whey protein dissolved in 450 mL of water. Serum amino acid concentrations were measured before exercise, immediately after exercise, and at 60 and 120 min after ingestion. Results: The protocol produced distinct exercise hydration status, with body mass loss of 2.20 \u00b1 0.19% (DEH), 1.18 \u00b1 0.30% (EUH_50%), and 0.27 \u00b1 0.35% (EUH), respectively. Post-exercise whey protein ingestion increased serum amino acid concentrations in all trials. However, at 60 min after ingestion, the DEH trial showed lower total amino acid, branched-chain amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, and glutamine concentrations than both EUH_50% and EUH (all p &lt; 0.05). The 0\u2013120 min percentage incremental area under the curve for total amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, isoleucine, and glutamine was also lower in DEH. Gastrointestinal symptoms remained low across all conditions, with only 1.0% of individual item scores exceeding 4. Conclusions: These findings indicate that exercise-induced hypohydration of approximately 2.2% body mass attenuates the early circulating amino acid response to post-exercise whey protein ingestion, suggesting that inadequate fluid intake during exercise may compromise the efficacy of whey protein supplementation for post-exercise recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18193267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:02:27Z","timestamp":1791194547000},"page":"3267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exercise-Induced Dehydration Limits the Effectiveness of Post-Exercise Whey Protein Supplementation in Healthy Young Men"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1131-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zekun","family":"Xin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Mengtong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xinjie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2019-0065","article-title":"International association of athletics federations consensus statement 2019: Nutrition for athletics","volume":"29","author":"Burke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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