{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:49:08Z","timestamp":1792043348834,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,9]],"date-time":"2012-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent research has shown that the pattern of change over time, or trajectory, of body mass index (BMI) varies among children. However, the factors that underlie the heterogeneity in these trajectories remain largely unexplored. Our aim was to use a growth mixture model to empirically identify classes of BMI trajectories (from birth to 11.5 years) and examine the effects of breastfeeding, introduction of solids, as well as food and nutrient intake at 18 months on these BMI trajectories. We identified three BMI growth trajectories between birth and age 11.5 years, separately in boys and girls. Breastfeeding duration less than six months and the early introduction of solids did not adversely influence BMI trajectories in our sample but high intakes of meat, particularly high fat varieties, and high intakes of carbohydrate at age around 18 months were associated with a high BMI trajectory in boys. It is not clear whether these dietary factors confer a direct risk of higher BMI in childhood or are markers for other dietary patterns that are present early and\/or develop through childhood and contribute to higher BMI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu4101382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,10]],"date-time":"2012-10-10T02:55:18Z","timestamp":1349837718000},"page":"1382-1398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Body Mass Index (BMI) Trajectories from Birth to 11.5 Years: Relation to Early Life Food Intake"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Frances L.","family":"Garden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy B.","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy M.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atkins Center for Weight and Health, University of California, 3 Giannini Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.123","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of girls\u2019 BMI across childhood and adolescence","volume":"17","author":"Ventura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.585","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of overweight during childhood: Role of early life factors","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.4.851","article-title":"Obesity and psychiatric disorder: Developmental trajectories","volume":"111","author":"Mustillo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1809","article-title":"Lifecourse childhood adiposity trajectories associated with adolescent insulin resistance","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.153","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of body mass index in early childhood and their risk factors: An 8-year longitudinal study","volume":"165","author":"Pryor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. 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