{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:10:28Z","timestamp":1791295828152,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,16]],"date-time":"2012-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in preterm infants are a challenge to the care of these fragile patients. HAI-incidence rates range from 6 to 27 infections per 1000 patient-days. Most nosocomial infections are bloodstream infections and of these, the majority is associated with the use of central venous catheters. Many studies identified parenteral nutrition as an independent risk factor for HAI, catheter-associated bloodstream infection, and clinical sepsis. This fact and various published outbreaks due to contaminated parenteral nutrition preparations highlight the importance of appropriate standards in the preparation and handling of intravenous solutions and parenteral nutrition. Ready-to-use parenteral nutrition formulations may provide additional safety in this context. However, there is concern that such formulations may result in overfeeding and necrotizing enterocolitis. Given the risk for catheter-associated infection, handling with parenteral nutrition should be minimized and the duration shortened. Further research is required about this topic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu4101490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,16]],"date-time":"2012-10-16T11:36:59Z","timestamp":1350387419000},"page":"1490-1503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Risk of Parenteral Nutrition in Neonates\u2014An Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Walter","family":"Zingg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Programme, University of Geneva Hospitals, rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Gen\u00e8ve 14, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maren","family":"Tomaske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Stadtspital Triemli, Birmensdorferstrasse 497, 8055 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60820-4","article-title":"National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: A systematic analysis and implications","volume":"379","author":"Blencowe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282fcec5f","article-title":"Healthcare-associated infections in neonates","volume":"21","author":"Zingg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. 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