{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:23:45Z","timestamp":1790274225774,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]],"date-time":"2013-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Iron is an essential element in our daily diet. Most iron is required for the  de novo synthesis of red blood cells, where it plays a critical role in oxygen binding to hemoglobin. Thus, iron deficiency causes anemia, a major public health burden worldwide. On the other extreme, iron accumulation in critical organs such as liver, heart, and pancreas causes organ dysfunction due to the generation of oxidative stress. Therefore, systemic iron levels must be tightly balanced. Here we focus on the regulatory role of the hepcidin\/ferroportin circuitry as the major regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. We discuss how regulatory cues (e.g., iron, inflammation, or hypoxia) affect the hepcidin response and how impairment of the hepcidin\/ferroportin regulatory system causes disorders of iron metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5083034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]],"date-time":"2013-08-02T11:56:22Z","timestamp":1375444582000},"page":"3034-3061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":167,"title":["Out of Balance\u2014Systemic Iron Homeostasis in     Iron-Related Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Steinbicker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster 48149, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Muckenthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany"},{"name":"Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg 69120, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008002401","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, who vitamin and mineral nutrition information system, 1993\u20132005","volume":"12","author":"McLean","year":"2009","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.28.061807.155521","article-title":"Systemic iron homeostasis and the iron-responsive element\/iron-regulatory protein (IRE\/IRP) regulatory network","volume":"28","author":"Muckenthaler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. 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